Transcript Automatismes et Gestion Technique Centralisée

GEF-UNDP-UNOPS regional project
“Integrated Natural Resource Management in the Baikal
Basin Transboundary Ecosystem”
Assessment of groundwater resources in the Baikal
Basin and groundwater-related transboundary issues
(Output 1.3)
UNESCO-International Hydrological Programme
Project Steering Committee, Ulaanbaatar, 25-26 April 2013
Holger Treidel, UNESCO International Hydrological Programme (IHP)
Groundwater in the Lake Baikal Basin
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Groundwater plays a central socio-economic role
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Primary source of drinking water
Supplies major cities in the basin
Agriculture and industry
Exploitation mainly from shallow unconfined aquifers,
generally supplying high quality water
Vulnerable to pollution (especially shallow groundwater)
and over-exploitation
Climate change is expected to further increase the
importance  buffer function
Groundwater in the Lake Baikal Basin
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IWRM: to recognize the intergrated nature of surface and
shallow groundwater circulation
 Deep groundwater circulation plays a role in the lake‘s
ecology (not a focus in the framework of this project)
 TDA/SAP will need to address:
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Protection of groundwater sources for potable water
Protection of recharge areas (Karst, main fractured belts along the
active faults)
Land use policies in valley floors, tourism development
First lake project in the GEF portfolio adopting a basin
approach, fully integrating groundwater considerations
Shallow groundwater resources
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Alluvial sediments of rivers draining into lake Baikal
Concentration of human activities  contamination of
unconfined alluvial aquifers
Nutrients and PTS (from agriculture, mining, other industries and
urban waste)
Risk for both, human health and the lake ecosystem
Surface water – shallow groundwater interactions
Scope of activities under the Output 1.3
Compile existing knowledge, data and information on
transboundary groundwater resources in shallow aquifers in the
Baikal Basin, with special regard to:
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Sustainable, integrated management of groundwater and surface
water and environmentally sound water protection policy
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Increasing water demand for drinking and other purposes and
potential impacts of excessive groundwater exploitation (e.g.
groundwater level decline, loss of base flow, land subsidence).
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Transboundary pollution threats to groundwater quality (in close
cooperation with Output 1.4).
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Advantages of conjunctive use of groundwater and surface water for
social and economic development.
Scope of activities under the Output 1.3 – cont’d
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Vulnerability of groundwater and groundwater dependent
ecosystems.
Influence of the present status of land use and land use planning on
groundwater resources quantity and quality.
Potential impact of climate variability and change on different type of
aquifers (shallow, karstic, deep) and on frequency and extent of
natural disasters (floods, droughts, storms, earthquakes).
•Output: Groundwater report as a contribution to the
preparation of the Baikal Basin TDA, including
Identification of groundwater-related issues of transboundary concern
Recommendations for management
Activities and Progress to date - 2012
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IAA signed UNOPS-UNESCO signed in September 2012
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Key partners for the groundwater acitivities identified and contacted:
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Mongolia: Institute of Geoecology & UNESCO Chair, Ministry of
Environment and Green Development, Geological Investigation
Centre, Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology
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Russian Federation: Irkutsk State University & UNESCO Chair on
Water Resources, Geological Institute SB RAS, Baikal Institute of
Nature Management SB RAS, Limnological Institute SB RAS,
Institute of Water Problems (Moscow)
Activities and Progress 2012 – cont‘d
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Detailed workplan for the implementation of groundwater activitites
and TORs for national experts prepared
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Scientific-technical coordinator for output 1.3 contracted
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Four national experts on hydrogeology (2 from Russia, 2 from
Mongilia) nominated and contracted (based on recommendation
from partners institutions)
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First workshop organized in Ulan Bator, November 2012
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Agreement on structure and table of contents of the groundwater
report
Assignment of tasks among the experts
Activities and Progress to date - 2013
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Interim groundwater report submitted 20 January
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Comprehensive compilation of existing groundwater-related data and
information in the Baikal Basin
Two parts: Mongolia and Russia
1. Geographical, hydrological and climatic characteristics
2. Overview of geological conditions, incl mineral resources
3. Hydrogeological conditions (shallow aquifers, deep aquifers, aquifers in the perennial
permafrost deposits
4. Detailed description of shallow aquifers in fluvial /alluvial deposits
5. Groundwater pollution (from municipal wastes, mining, industrial activities, agriculture)
6. Groundwater abstraction (for drinking water supply, for mining activities, for industrial activities,
for agriculture/irrigation)
7. Groundwater monitoring network
8. Groundwater protection (Protection zones, Land use planning in groundwater recharge zones,
Protection of groundwater dependent ecosystems)
9. Groundwater legislative framework
10. Occurrence of hydrological disasters and their impact on water resources and populations
11. Potential climate change influence on groundwater resources
Activities and Progress to date - 2013
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Second groundwater team meeting organized, Ulan-Ude, March
2013
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Agreement on structure of the final groundwater report, contribution to
the TDA of the Baikal Basin
Title of the final report: Assessment of shallow groundwater resources in
the Transboundary Lake Baikal Basin: current knowledge, protection
and management frameworks
Distribution of tasks towards the completion of the report
Based on the preliminary results, substantial additional inputs were
provided by the UNESCO team on groundwater issues,  partly
integrated in the final version of TDA doc as well as annexed.
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Establishment of a transboundary groundwater monitoring network
Priority issues of transboundary concern
Issues of transboundary concern
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Establishment and operation of transboundary groundwater
monitoring programme, including establishment of
standardized methodology of groundwater observation and
sampling and harmonization of monitoring frequency
 Establishment of transboundary water database in GIS and
formulation of methodology of transboundary water data
assessment and management, and data mutual accessibility
and exchange between Russia and Mongolia
 Based on groundwater monitoring data evaluation of
transboundary groundwater flows and transboundary
groundwater pollution threats in shallow aquifers in the valleys
of transboundary rivers
Issues of transboundary concern (cont‘d)
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Evaluation of existing and potential pollution sources
(industry, mines, municipalities, agriculture) with respect to
the potential transboundary groundwater pollution transport
and propose relevant groundwater pollution remediation
techniques
 Investigation and evaluation of conditions for interaction
between surface water and groundwater in shallow aquifers
with respect to the potential conjunctive use and protection of
both resources on the transboundary level and Baikal Basin
scale
 Evaluation of the impact of turf degradation processes on
groundwater quality in shallow aquifers and on Baikal Lake
Transboundary groundwater monitoring network
and database in GIS
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Transboundary groundwater monitoring network has not been
established yet  no evidence about groundwater quantity and
quality flowing across Mongolian – Russian boundary
Together with existing data from surface water transboundary
network groundwater data will support calculation of total
(surface water and groundwater) transboundary water runoff
and potential transboundary groundwater pollution threats
Standardization of monitoring methods and harmonization of
sampling frequency in both countries will provide reliable,
mutually comparable and consistent groundwater data sets;
Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QA / QC) procedure will be
ordinary part of groundwater monitoring procedure
Transboundary groundwater monitoring network
and database in GIS (cont‘d)
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Feedback is an essential future of any monitoring programme;
geostatistical methods and relevant models help to adjust
monitoring network design, optimize measurements and
samplings frequency and number of variables observed
Operation of transboundary groundwater and surface water
monitoring networks has to be integrated and coordinated with
meteorological, soil and other environmental networks and
programmes
Establishment of transboundary groundwater GIS database ,
sharing of monitoring data and free data exchange between
both countries is pointed out
Workplan Output 1.3 – next steps
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Finalization and submission of the final
groundwater report - end of May 2013
 The preliminary report was largely focused on
data collection and compilation
 The final report will focus on analysis of the
available data, with special regard to
transboundary aquifers in the border between
Russia and Mongolia
Budget (USD)
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Total allocation received to date: 175,000 (140k for output 1,3 and
35k for output 1.4
Consultants
Output 1.3
Output 1.4
78,200 (4 national
17,200 (national
consultants)
95,400
62,300
group meetings,
participation in SC
meeting
14,300
(coordinating
and scoping
meetings)
1,000 (purchase of
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consultants, 1
coordinator)
Travel, incl. meetings
Miscellaneous
48,000 (two expert
Total
1,000
maps)
Total expenditure to date 127,200
31,500
158,700