Transcript Presentation - Illinois State Geological Survey

3D Down-under – What are the Australians up to in
3D Hydrogeology
Bruce Gill and Don Cherry
Three-Dimensional Geological Mapping for Groundwater Applications Workshops
2009 GSA Annual Meeting, Portland, Oregon. October 17, 2009
Talk Outline
• Current Groundwater situation in Australia
• Victorian Study area descriptions
• Victorian study objectives and method
• Some findings to date
• Completing this study
• Other Australian Studies
Current Groundwater situation in Australia - Rainfall
Continental average=455mm/yr
Current Groundwater situation in Australia –
Major river basins
Current Groundwater situation in Australia –
Groundwater Management
• Water is the responsibility of the state and
territory governments.
• Realized in the late 1970s that licensed volumes
in the Murray Darling Basin exceeded available
supply
• Nationally, about 50% of total groundwater
abstraction is for irrigated agriculture, but 65% in
Victoria and NSW and is highest in SA at 80%
Current Groundwater situation in Australia –
Groundwater Management (cont’d)
• Groundwater exploitation has risen in tandem
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with competition for surface water resources.
In NSW and Victoria, groundwater use has
tripled between 1983/84 and 1996/97
Recent dry decade has really focussed national
attention on all water resources
Groundwater management seeking improved
methods and reliability to underpin allocation
decisions, management and water trading
3D hydrogeology methods should help
Victorian Study Objectives
• State and Federally funded 3 year study to explore
the potential of 3D technologies in groundwater
studies
• Research how to apply the types of 3D
visualisation tools routinely used in mining and oil
industry to groundwater resource needs
• Investigate the capability of GIS based 3D aquifer
mapping to enhance landscape analysis and
groundwater interactions
Study area background
Campaspe
Deep
Lead
WSPA
Southern
Campaspe
Plains GMA
• Campaspe 733km2
• North flowing, part of the Murray system
• Significant surface and groundwater usage
•
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for towns, agriculture and rural
communities
Moderate data level
Simple geology – narrow valley setting
with Ordovician aged metasedimentary
bedrock, thick sequence of Paleocene to
Recent terrestrial sediments, minor
Quaternary aged basalt, interbedded clay
aquitards
Study area background (cont.)
Groundwater declines in the
Campaspe Management Area
Permissible Consumptive Volume: 47,252ML
Licensed allocation: 46,267 ML
Metered usage (2007) 34,762ML,
(50% of license in 2008 due to WL decline)
Study area background (cont.)
Mid Loddon
WSPA
• Loddon 2174km2
Upper
Loddon
WSPA
Spring
Hill
WSPA
• North flowing, part of the Murray system
• Significant surface and groundwater usage
for towns, agriculture and rural
communities
• High data level
• Complex geology – Ordovician
metasedimentary and Devonian –aged
granite bedrock, thick sequence of
Paleocene to Recent terrestrial sediments,
thick Quaternary aged basalt, interbedded
clay aquitards
Study area background (cont.)
Groundwater declines in the
Upper Loddon (Spring Hill)
Management Area
Permissible Consumptive Volume: 55,910ML
Licensed allocation: 55,508 ML
Metered usage (2007) 29,251ML,
(50% in some parts in 2008 due to declines)
Study area background (cont.)
Bungaree
WSPA
• Moorabool 3208km2
• South flowing to the ocean
• Availability and quality of data is
•
considered low
Complex geology - Ordovician
metasedimentary and Devonian –aged
granite bedrock, thick sequence of
Paleocene to Recent marine & terrestrial
sediments, blanketing Quaternary aged
basalt, interbedded clay aquitards
National & state geological data
National & state geological data
Regional geological data
Regional geological data
Regional geological data - geophysics
Regional geological data – drilling data
Methodology
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Multiple databases (MS, web-based, custom etc)
Multiple formats (relational, spreadsheets etc)
Missing information (logs, coordinates)
Incorrect information (translation errors etc)
Poor or varying interpretation
Some outputs to date
Image showing impact of
unreliable bore hole data on 3D
surface construction
Some outputs to date
Right – early 3D object of
basalt in Campaspe study
area
Left - voxel constructed
block of part of the
Moorabool study area
Some outputs to date
Several images of the Campaspe area - alluvial aquifer
(brown) and basalt flow (orange) in bedrock valley.
Some outputs to date
Upper Loddon voxels of Basalt aquifer (brown) and Deep Lead Aquifer
(green) with cross cutting faults (blue)
Completing our study
• Adding groundwater chemistry
• Exploring volumetric methods from mining / oil
industry applied to quantify aquifers
• Hydrogeology theory applied to 3D aquifers?
(specific yields, groundwater management issues)
• Outputting 3D model objects to numerical models
(eg MODFLOW)
• Field testing 3D visualisation to groundwater users
and managers
Groundwater chemistry (salinity)
Salinity variation in part of the Upper Loddon
Deep Lead aquifer
Other Australian Studies:
Other Australian Studies
• Queensland University of Technology ( Malcolm Cox et al)
• Groundwater Visualisation System (GVS): A software framework for
developing low-end, scalable and robust software for 3D visualisation
and animation of groundwater conceptual models
• GVS Used in several
site studies
Figure 1: Example visualisation in 2.5D using DEM with draped geology and a 3D block with drillholes
Other Australian Studies
• University of New South Wales (Bryce Kelly,
Beatrice Giambiastiani et al)
• 3D Hydrograph Analysis for Constraining the
Construction of Hydrogeological Models
• 3D temporal analysis of surface and
groundwater interactions
• The need for better 3D conceptual models of
aquifers
Other Australian Studies
• GeoScience Australia (Alison Kirkby et al. and Pauline English et al.)
• Eromanga Basin 3D (below) and Toowoomba, Qld
Toowoomba
Great Dividing Range
Kings Creek catchment
Hodgson Creek catchment
Figure 3. A perspective view of the 3D map of the Eromanga
Basin, a) showing all units, and b) view from the top of the
Cadna-Owie Formation.
Other Australian Studies
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Department of Water - Western Australia (David Schafer et al)
Aquifer mapping, regional models and stratigraphic analysis
Perth Basin on PETREL (right)
Leederville formation ( below)
Other Australian Studies
• Southern Rural Water
Authority, Victoria &
Sinclair Knight Merz
(Terry Flynn and Andrew
Harrison)
• 3D hydrogeology mapping
for groundwater resource
management – southern
half of Victoria
• First Australian 3D
Hydrogeology Workshop
held 31 Aug-1 Sept had 22
presentations
• Extended abstracts and
presentations available at :
www.ga.gov.au/??????
Conclusions
• Early success in identifying errors, aquifer
geometries and alignment of geological
interpretations.
• 3D geological modelling is essential in the
process of understanding the geological and
hydrogeological features of an aquifer.
• Significantly improves the capacity of models
to interpret aquifer dimensions and
connectivity.
• Feed into groundwater management numerical
models.
• For public engagement
Any Questions?