Transcript Monitoring water quality using GIS

Monitoring Water Quality
Using ArcView GIS
Lindsay Chischilly
Mentor: Dr. Don Huggins
Will Spotts
Jeff Anderson
Kansas Biological Survey
Haskell Indian Nations University
Overview
Nonpoint Source Pollution
Water Quality Research Methods
Geographic Information Systems
Results of Monitoring Program
Definition of Terms
Nonpoint Source Pollution (NPSP)- the
broad range of pollution with no specific
point of origin. Sources of NPSP include
agriculture, industries, and mining.
NPSP is weather dependent and not yet
subject to federal regulations.
Definition of Terms (continued)
Point Source Pollution-point sources
generally enter receiving water bodies at
some identifiable site(s) and carry
pollutants whose generation is controlled
by some internal process or activity,
rather than weather.
Clean Water Farms Project
33 farms in eastern Kansas were given
federal grant money to address local
water quality management issues.
8 farms are monitored by the Kansas
Biological Survey.
Purpose of CWFP Monitoring
Program
Detect changes in NPSP at the field level.
Relate changes in nutrient and herbicide
concentrations to changes in land
management.
Participating Farms
Methods
Sampling Devices
Lysimeter
Automatic Runoff Sampler
Geographic Information Systems
Methods (continued)
Lysimeters-uses a
vacuum and then
pressure to collect
groundwater at
depths of one, four,
and eight feet. The
eight foot tube are
the most reliable
samplers.
Methods (continued)
Automatic Runoff
Sampler-used to
collect eight samples
of surface runoff
over the first three
hours of a storm.
GIS Overview
 Computer system capable of holding and
using data to describe places on the
earth’s surface.
Manipulate, analyze, store, and display
spatial data.
Links data to geographic locations
Monitoring Water Quality
Using GIS
Monitoring Water Quality
Using GIS
Monitoring Water Quality
Using GIS
Monitoring Water Quality
Using GIS
Monitoring Water Quality
Using GIS
Results
Total Phosphorous in Groundwater at Eight Feet
Three Locations on Farm 0ne: 1996-2000
Total Phosphorous (ug/L)
1000
Cluster
3
1
2
100
10
1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sampling Event
9
10 11
Total Nitrogen in Groundwater at Eight Feet
Three Locations on Farm 0ne: 1996-2000
Total Nitrogen (mg/L)
100
Cluster
3
1
2
10
1
.1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Sampling Event
9
10 11
Mean Total Phosphorous in Agricultural Surface Runoff
Farm One: 1996-2000
Total Phosphorous (ug/L)
10000
Sampler
14
17
1000
100
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819
Sampling Event
Mean Total Nitrogen in Agricultural Surface Runoff
Farm One: 1996-2000
Total Nitrogen (mg/L)
100
Sampler
14
17
10
1
.1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819
Sampling Event
Sources of Variation
Seasonal Land Management
Tilling and Planting
Herbicide Application
Compost Spreading
Crop Rotation
Rainfall Event Frequency, Intensity and
Duration
Conclusions
GIS is a creative tool to help visualize and
analyze the issues affecting water quality.
There are many contributing factors in the
overall water quality in agricultural landscapes.
Groundwater concentrations of TP are more
variable than TN over space and time.
Need more time to identify and quantify the
specific effects of land management on
agricultural water quality.