Transcript How do we use GIS

How does GIS
work?
GIS in Business
How do we use it?
How do
Geographic Information
Systems work?
Relating information from different sources
Different kinds of data in map form can be
entered into a GIS
Digital satellite images can be analyzed to
produce a map of digital information about
land use and land cover
How can a GIS use the information in a map?
The answer is data capture
– Maps can be digitized
Hand-tracing with a computer mouse on the
screen
Digitizing tablet to collect the coordinates of
features
Electronic scanners can also convert maps to
digits
– Coordinates from Global Positioning System (GPS)
receivers can also be uploaded
Data Integration
A GIS integrates information that is difficult
to associate through any other means.
– GIS can use combinations of mapped
variables to build and analyze new variables
Projection and Registration
Information in a GIS comes from existing maps
– Uses computer processing power to transform
digital info, gathered from sources with
different projections, to a common projection
– Mathematical way of transferring information
from the Earth's three-dimensional surface to
a two-dimensional medium.
Data Structures
Can a land use map be related to a satellite image?
– Yes, may not be entirely compatible.
– Satellite image data that have been interpreted by a
computer to produce a land use map can be "read into"
the GIS in raster format.
Raster data files consist of rows of uniform cells coded according
to data values.
GIS in Business
GIS are typical in business and
management operations around the
globe in organizations as diverse as:
– City and state governments
– Utilities & telecommunications
– Railroads & civil engineering
– Petroleum exploration and retailing
– Private and public sectors
GIS is about to move globally as the
demands on GIS and business as a
whole is fast changing.
It is no longer just in the routing
problems but in:
– Warehousing
– Mining
– Visualization
– Enterprise Resource Planning
– E-Commerce
GIS can also improve such function as:
– Target marketing
– Customer service
– Demand forecasting
– Property management/real estate market
share analysis
– Merchandise planning
– Distribution logistics and many more areas
There are also problems with GIS.
Some examples are:
– Availability of data
The most detailed street maps are not always
available for use to the general public and GIS
systems
– Quality of the data
Data that is available from private parties or
government agencies is often questionable.
Streets are found missing, new buildings and
changing landscapes are frequently not
updated.
– Cost of its production
Not everyone can afford a custom GIS
– Shortage of knowledgeable staff
How do we use GIS
A graphic file linked to an attribute database
- Example: migration routes of caribou and polar
bears
- De-conflict
Map Making
Eliminating developed areas
Pollution
Heavy deposits of sand/gravel
Bed rock depth
Saturation thickness grater than 40 ft.
Land use example
Key Takeaways
GIS holds tremendous potential for:
– Improving productivity
– Credibility- More efficient
– Profitability of any organization.
GIS adds meaning to
– Data turns into
Adequate quality Information for making a more
educated decision.
This results in Knowledge
The Appeal and Potential of GIS