Transcript Conception & Pregnancy - Fort Thomas Independent Schools

CONCEPTION & PREGNANCY
Health
Mrs. Wagner
CONCEPTION
Egg released from ovary once every 28 days
(approx.) and enters into fallopian tube
 If meets with sperm = fertilization
 Surface of egg changes to prevent other sperm
from entering
 Sex and genetic traits are set at fertilization
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FEMALE REPRODUCTION
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Born with all follicles – unripened eggs – 3 million
Will release 400 by menopause
Menstrual Cycle
Follicle – cell complex that surrounds and nurtures
the egg grows in the ovary
Lining of the uterus (endometrium) builds up to
receive a fertilized egg
Mid-cycle – egg is ready – ovary release - ovulation
Egg enters fallopian tube
One of two things happen: egg is fertilized and
continue on to uterus and attaches to the lining –
pregnancy begins
Or the egg is not fertilized – the uterus sheds its
lining and menstruation begins
MALE REPRODUCTION
Sperm cells in testes
 Constantly creating
 Epididymis – holds sperm until mature
 Semen – fluid from prostate and cowper’s gland
 Contains 300 million sperm cells
 100 million (1/3 ) will die immediately
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PREGNANCY
Egg + Sperm = pregnancy
 Implantation occurs – pregnancy test will be
accurate – looks for HCG (growth hormone)
 Usually 2 – 3 days after missed period
 50% of fertilized eggs are miscarried
 1 in 4 pregnancies are miscarried
 Average pregnancy = 40 weeks
 Three stages of development:
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1. ZYGOTE
Within 36 hours – cell division begins
 Implantation – 4 – 5 days – travels from FT to
uterus – implants in wall – blastocyst – then
becomes embryo
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2. EMBRYO
Placenta develops
 Umbilical cord – 25 days after fertilization
 Filter between mother’s bloodstream and baby’s –
bloods do not mix – but substances can pass
through – alcohol, drugs, etc.
 Enclosed in amniotic sac – floats in amniotic fluid
 End of 2nd month – embryo is 1 ½ inches long,
has recognizable features – eyes, ears, hands,
feet,
 Becomes fetus
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3. FETUS
3rd – 6 months – 11 inches and 1.5 pounds
 Begins to move and kick
 Sense organs develop – sensitive to light and
noises
 If born at this stage – low survival rate
 6th – 9th Months
 Body proportions equal out
 Eyelids open and close
 Body fat accumulates
 End of 9th month – average size 20 inches and 7.5
lbs.
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TRIMESTERS OF PREGNANCY
1st Trimester
 1st – 3rd Months
 Morning sickness – any time of day – caused by
changes in hormone levels
 Increase in breast size & tenderness, frequent
urination, fatigue
 2nd Trimester
 4th – 6th Months
 Abdomen swells, feels fetus moving
 Heartburn – digestive tract pushed up
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3rd Trimester
 7th – 9th Month
 Total weight gain 25 – 35 lbs.
 Movement can be seen
 Irregular contractions – Braxton Hicks
 Baby moves into birth position
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FETAL DEVELOPMENT
1st Trimester
2nd Trimester
3rd Trimester
Most dangerous time
–drugs/alcohol
16 Weeks – skin
turns pink, fingers &
toes
28th Week –
Responsive 80%
survival rate
2nd Week –
implantation
18th Week - can find
gender
32nd Week – lungs
grow until 37th Week
3rd Week – heart
begins forming
20th Week – feel
quickening
36th – 40th – add fat –
gains .5lbs. A week
4th Week – brain &
spinal cord
24th Week – organs
developed – except
lungs
5th Week – eyes &
umbilical cord
9 – 16 ounces
6th Week – Placenta
8th Week – bones,
arm buds
PRENATAL CARE
Healthy baby = good health habits and doctor
visits
 Extra amount of nutrients and calories
 Viral infections = some birth defects
 Refrain from alcohol & drug abuse
 Amniocentesis and Chorionic Villus Sampling –
check for birth defects
 Ultrasound – checks for physical problems – 20
weeks
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INFERTILITY
Cannot have children
 60-70% of time – female problem (more complex
system)
 Reasons for women
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Irregular ovulation - fertility drug cures
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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease(PID) – scarred or
blocked fallopian tubes – In-vitro fertilization 50 – 60% success ($25,000)
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Misshapen uterus – surrogate mother
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Men
Low sperm count – ice packets
Motility decreased – die before reach egg