Transcript Nanotechnology and medicine

Nanotechnology and medicine
Dina Khater – 3 April 2011 - SFC
Nanotechnology
 Nano is 1×10−9 m.
 Nanotechnology deals with structures
with a size range of 1 to 100 nm.
 It`s based upon molecular selfassembly
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology
 AT the nano level materials begin to
demonstrate entirely new chemical
and physical properties.
 Materials can be stronger, lighter and
highly soluble , reducing of melting
point ……
Nanotechnology
 BY manipulating the arrangement of
atoms nanotechnology may be able
to create many new materials and
devices .
Nanotechnology
Nanotechnology has several
application on many fields such as :
o
o
o
o
Medicine
Electronics
Energy production
water processing ………
Nanomedicine
•It is the medical application of
nanotechnology.
•It`s defined as the repair,
construction and control of human
biological systems using devices
built upon nanotechnology
standards.
Nanomedicine
• Nanostructured
materials, engineered
enzymes and many
other products of
biotechnology will be
very useful in the
future.
•High-sophisticated,
medically
programmable
nanomachines and
nanorobots are
developed.
Nanomedicine
 That will allow
doctors to
approach the
human body at the
cellular and
molecular levels.
Interventions such
as repairing
damaged tissues
(bone, muscle,
nerve) will be
possible.
Nanomedicine
 Nanomedicine is a huge industry.
 Sales reached 6.8 billion dollars in
2004. USA and European Union are
investing billions of dollars and plan
to invest more in the future.
Nanomedicine
 Nanotechnology can be used in many
fields of medicine
•Pharmacy
•visualization
•cancer
•Diagnoses
•surgery
Nanopharmacy
 It can help in increasing the
bioavailability of the drug and
biodistributions .
 So it will reduce side effects .
 It can icrease the solubility of the
drug.
Nanopharmacy
 It can help giving suspensions as IV
injection.
Nanopharmacy
 Nanostructures have large surface
area which means more room for
functional groups which can bind with
tumor cells.
Nanopharmacy
 the biodistribution of these
nanoparticles is mostly unknown due
to the difficulty in targeting specific
organs in the body.
 In mice, gold selectively targeted
certain organs based on their size and
charge.
Nanopharmacy
 Positively-charged gold nanoparticles were
found to enter the kidneys .
 negatively-charged gold nanoparticles
remained in the liver and spleen.
 The nanoshells can be targeted to bond to
cancerous cells by conjugating antibodies
or peptides to the nanoshell surface.
Nanomedicine and cancer
 By irradiating the area of the tumor
with an infrared laser, which passes
through flesh without heating it, the
gold is heated sufficiently to cause
death to the cancer cells.
photodynamic therapy
 If the particle is metal, energy from
the Light may also be used to
produce high energy ,oxygen
molecules which will chemically react
with and destroy most organic
molecules that are next to them (like
tumors).
photodynamic therapy
 Unlike chemotherapy it does not
leave a “toxic trail”
Surgery
 This could solve the difficulties and
blood leaks caused when the surgeon
tries to re-stitch the arteries that
have been cut during a kidney or
heart transplant. The flesh welder
could weld the artery perfectly
Surgery
 Nanoparticles of cadmium selenide
(quantum dots) glow when exposed
to ultraviolet light. When injected,
they seep into cancer tumors. The
surgeon can see the glowing tumor,
and use it as a guide for more
accurate tumor removal.
References
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanome
dicine#cite_note-6
 http://www.nanoed.org/concepts_ap
ps/AuNanoShells/InDepthIntroPg1.ht
ml#InDepthIntro
 http://www.nanomedicinecenter.com/
drug-delivery/
Thanks
Thanks
Dina Nabil Khater
[email protected]
Supervised by prof. Doctor:
Wael Sami
Industrial pharmacy department
SPC supervisor
 Sensor test chips containing
thousands of nanowires, able to
detect proteins and other biomarkers
left behind by cancer cells, could
enable the detection and diagnosis of
cancer in the early stages from a few
drops of a patient's blood.