Transcript Biochips It's a Small, Small World

BioMEMS, Bio-Nanotechnology,
and Agricultural Research
Michael R. Ladisch, Rashid Bashir, Arun Bhunia
Laboratory of Renewable Resources Engineering,
Departments of ABE, ECE, BME and Food Science
Schools of Agriculture and Engineering
Purdue University
Multi-disciplinary
Agriculture
Engineering
Biotechnology
Medicine
Science
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Nanoscience:
Fabrication, study and modeling of devices and
structures where at least one dimension is 200 nm
or smaller.
Nanotechnology:
Enables devices that are compact, portable,
energy efficient, integrate sensing, and carry out
complex functions of a full-scale laboratory BioMEMS
Bio electromechanical systems
Nanotechnology: Size and Scale
100µm
Human Hair
Plant and Animal Cells
75 µm
Most Bacteria
0.18µm
Feature Size
10µm
1µm
Lysozyme
Transistor
100nm
Virus
10nm
Nanotechnology
Proteins
Carbon
Nano-tubes
1nm
0.1nm
Atoms
Cooper, 2001
Evolution of Technologies
Performance
Nanotechnology
Semiconductor
Technology
Vacuum Tube
Technology
Cell
Phones
Nano-Robots
Molecular Electronics
“Wearable” Wireless
Internet Appliances
The Internet
Computers
Television
Transistor
Radio
Radar
Radio
1900
1950
2000
Time
2050
Cooper, 2001
Branches of Nanotechnology
Micro-Mechanical
Systems (MEMS)
Electronic Nanotechnology
Microfluidics
& Bio-Chips
10 mm
Biochip:
Smaller than a Postage stamp
Glass cover
Channels/Wells
sealed channels and wells
(volume of 1 to 10 nL/well)
electrodes for detection
In/Out ports
Pin
connecting pads
fluidic I/O ports
Epoxy adhesive
Bashir et al.
Role of Biotechnology
Provides
Bioreceptors
Biomarkers (targets)
Knowledge of mechanisms
Interfaces macro- and nano-worlds
Templates for design of small devices
DNA
mRNA
Information
Protein
Component for Machine
Information
Polymer of
Amino Acids
Assembly Point Disbands
Opportunities for Research
Design and Assemble Technology Platform
Chips
Receptors
Bioseparations
Signal Transduction
Interface Hardware and Software
Component Assembly and Packaging
Technology Issues
We must know:
Target molecule and its receptor
Threshhold for detection (sensitivity)
We must achieve:
Rapid sampling and conditioning
Specificity for target over biomolecules
High signal to noise
The Vision
Detect Gene Expression Products
Applications
Food, Agriculture
Biosecurity
Animal Health
Medicine
Research, Industry, Hospital, Home
Applications in Agriculture For
Example-What is the cost of undetected pathogens?
Food Products
$13.1 billion in soda pop
7.5 billion in breakfast cereals
60.0 billion in fresh meats
Branded meats, precooked products,
micro-waveable red meats
Livestock, poultry
Sales figures from Kilman, Wall Street Journal, Feb 20, 2002
BioMEMS - Devices and Systems
Combine micro and nano devices with biology
at the molecular level
Implanted Diagnostic and Therapeutic Devices
Organs
Implants
Pacemaker
Tissues
Drug Delivery
Drug Delivery
Polymers
Biochips
Nano-bio
Inorganic
Organic/Biological
Specific Objectives of National
Research Program
1. Identify systems unique to agriculture
(cell membranes, starches, cellulose, oils)
2. Study biology of self-assembly processes
3. Apply to design, fabrication of BioMEMS
a. Tubes
b. Channels
c. Surfaces
Case studies must be agriculturally related
Potential Outcomes and Impacts
1. Bio-inspired design of inorganic devices
2. Methods for mass-producing components for
BioMEMS through agriculture
a. A new fiber (cotton?) industry
b. Self assembling oils
c. Bio-based materials
3. Sampling methods and detection of pathogens
Research Budget Estimate
1. Bio-inspired assembly processes
$ 1 million / year
2. Methods for assembling nano-components
into micro-devices $1 million /year
3. Applications testing in the field
$ 1 million / year