Transcript PowerPoint Sunusu

DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY
10
ADOLESCENCE
The Psychological Impact of Pubertal Events
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
1
Reactions to Pubertal Changes
Girls’ Reactions to Menarche:
traumatic, disturbing, surprise,
upset, shocking...
Boys’ Reactions to
Spermarche. Not intensely
negative.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
2
Adolescent Initiation Ceremonies
An adolescent initiation ceremony
is a ritualized announcement to
the community that a young
person is ready to make the
transition from childhood into
adolescence or full adulthood.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
3
Adolescent Initiation Ceremonies
Many tribal and village societies celebrate
puberty with a rite of passage – a
communitywide event that marks an
important change in privilege and
responsibility.
Modern adolescents are confronted with
many ages at which they are granted partial
adult status – for example, an age for starting
employement, for driving, for leaving high
school, for voting, and for drinking.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
4
Pubertal Change, Emotions, and
Social Behavior
A common belief is that pubertal
change has something to do with
adolescent moodiness and the
desire for greather physical and
emotional separation from parents.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
5
Adolescent Moodiness
Adolescents’ emotional
reactions, in the form of anger
and irritability for males and
anger and depression for
females, between 9 and 14
years of age
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
6
Parent-Child Relationship
Puberty is related to a rise in parent-child
conflict. Bickering and standoffs increase as
adolescents move toward the peak of
pubertal growth. During this time, both
parents and teenagers report feeling less
close to one another.
In reality, parents and children display both
conflict and affection toward one another
throughout adolescence.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
7
The Importance of Early versus Late
Maturation
Effects of Maturational Timing: Earlymaturing boys were seen as relaxed,
independent, self-confident, and physically
attractive by both adults and peers. In
contrast, late-maturing boys were not welllinked. Peers and adults viewed them as
anxious, overly talktative, and attentionseeking in behavior.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
8
Among girls, the impact of early versus
late maturation was just the reverse.
Early-maturing girld had social difficulties.
They were below average in popularity,
appeared withdrawn and lacking in selfconfidence, and held few position in
leadership. Instead, their late-maturing
counterparts were especially well-off –
regarded as physically attractive, lively,
sociable, and leaders at school.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
9
Both boys and girls who have physical
characteristics regarded by themselves
and others as less attractive have a
lower sense of self-esteem and are
less well linked by agemates.
The adoption of societ’s “beauty is
best” stereotype seems to be an
important factor in adjustement of
early- and late-maturing boys and girls.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
10
The Importance of Fitting In with Peers
Older peers often ancourage earlymaaturing boys and girls into activities that
they find difficult to resist but are not yet
ready to handle emotionally, including
sexual activity, drug and alchool use, and
minor delinquent acts.
Perhaps because of involvements like
these, the school performance of early
maturers tends to suffer.
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
11
Health Issues during Adolescence
Nutritional Needs: During the grown-spurt,
boys require about 2.700 calories a day and
much more protein, girls about 2.200
calories and somewhat less protein than
boys.
Calcium, iron...
Fast-food restaurants
Vegetarian
“Anorexia nervosa”
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
12
Adolescent Sexual Attitude and
Behavior
Homosexuality
Teenage Pregnacy and
Childbearing
Sexually transmitted disease
(Genital Herpes, Genital warts,
Gonorrhea...)
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
13
Substance Use and Abuse
Peer encouragement –friends who use
drugs, urge the adolescent to do so, and
provide access to illegal substances- is the
most consistent predictor of early abuse,
but it does not occur in isolation. Other
predisposing factors: low-income
background, family mental health
problems, prenatal drug use, poor school
performance, low self-esteem, anxiety,
depression...
20.07.2015
Prof.Dr. Mustafa Ergün
14