Transcript Ciao:

Doping in sport:
an evil to be defeated
What is doping? Why is it banned?
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The use of performance-enhancing drugs in human
sport is commonly referred to by the term doping,
particularly by those organizations that regulate
competitions. The use of performance enhancing drugs is
mostly done to improve athletic performance. This is why
many sports ban the use of performance enhancing
drugs. Another similar use of medical technology is called
blood doping, either by blood transfusion or use of the
hormone erythropoietin (EPO). The use of drugs to
enhance performance is considered unethical by most
international sports organizations and especially the
International Olympic Committee, although ethicists have
argued that it is little different from the use of new
materials in the construction of suits and sporting
equipment, which similarly aid performance and can give
competitors an unfair advantage over others. The
reasons for the ban are mainly the alleged health risks of
performance-enhancing drugs, the equality of opportunity
for athletes, and the exemplary effect of "clean" ("dopingfree") sports for the public.
What kinds of drugs exist?
What is Benzedrine?

Benzedrine is a trade name for amphetamine.
The Council of Europe says it first appeared in
sport at the Berlin Olympics in 1936.It was
produced in 1887 and the derivative, Benzedrine,
was isolated in the U.S. in 1934. Its perceived
effects gave it the street name "speed". British
troops used 72 million amphetamine tablets in
the Second World War4 and the RAF got through
so many that "Methedrine won the Battle of
Britain" according to one report.The problem was
that amphetamine leads to a lack of judgement
and a willingness to take risks, which in sport
could lead to better performances but in fighters
and bombers led to more crash landings than the
RAF could tolerate. The drug was withdrawn but
large stocks remained on the black market.
Amphetamine was also used legally as an aid to
slimming.
What Are Anabolic Steroids?

Anabolic steroids are a
class of steroid
hormones based on the
androgen testosterone.
Anabolic steroids are
also known as anabolicandrogenic steroids or
AAS or performance
enhancing drugs.
What Are the Risks of Using Anabolic
Steroids?

In addition to increasing muscle
strength and mass, the effects of taking
anabolic steroids include harmful changes in
cholesterol levels, high blood pressure,
acne, liver damage, and changes to the
structure of the left ventricle of the heart.
Anabolic steroids have an androgenic or
virilizing effect, meaning they affect male
characteristics. Anabolic steroids affect the
onset of puberty, growth of the clitoris in
females and the penis in male children
(does not affect the size of the penis in
adults), increased size of the vocal chords
and deepening of the voice, increased body
hair, and premature baldness in people
predisposed to it. Another side effect is
decreased fertility and testicular atrophy.
How performance enhancing drugs work to
boost athlete performance?
Athletes may have two reasons for using performanceenhancing drugs.
An athlete may want to:

Build mass and strength of muscles and/or bones

Increase delivery of oxygen to exercising tissues
Build Mass and Strength of muscles and/or bones

The drug that is commonly used to build muscle mass
and strength is Anabolic Steroid. This is the drug that
Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson was caught using.

Athletes use anabolic steroids because they
increase muscle strength by encouraging new muscle
growth. They allow the athlete to train harder and
longer at any given period.
Increase delivery of Oxygen to exercising tissue

EPO (Erythropoietin) is the drug choice here.
Erythropoietin is a naturally occurring protein
hormone that is secreted by the kidneys during lowoxygen conditions. When EPO is injected in the body
it stimulates the bone marrow stem cells to make red
blood cells, which increase the delivery of oxygen
around the body. It is the drug of choice in endurace
athletes in Marathons and cycling.
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..to be continued..
Bomba Serena
Ahroud Madiha
De Filippi Eleonora