Transcript Drugs in sportx

Drugs In Sport
How substances come to be prohibited
For a substance or method to be prohibited, it
must meet two of the following three
conditions:
• The substance or method has the potential to
enhance, or does enhance performance in
sport.
• The substance or method has the potential to
risk the athlete’s health.
• The substance or method is deemed to violate
the spirit of sport
World Anti doping code
Prohibited list:
At all times
• Anabolic agents – Steroids
• Hormones – EPO, HGH
• Beta 2 agonists – Ventolin
• Hormone antagonists and modulators
• Diuretics & masking agents
Prohibited
In competition only
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Stimulants
Narcotics
Cannabonoids
Gluco-cortico steroids
Alcohol (some sports)
Beta Blockers (some sports)
Doping methods
• Oxygen transfer or
enhancement
• Chemically or physically
tampering with samples
• Gene doping
Why do some athlete’s use PHD
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Anxiety
Lack of confidence
Determination to win
Beliefs and attitudes
Values’
Appearance
Dependence
Environmental reasons
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Influence of others
Family pressure
Media pressure
National identity
Financial rewards
Public reaction
Prestige / status
Narcotic analgesics
• Pain killers used by athlete’s to mask the pain of
an injury e.g. Morphine, Pethadine
• Effects:
- Loss of balance
- Lack of concentration
- Sleepiness
- Slow Breathing
- Nausea / vomiting
- Aggravation of injury if keep training
- Blurred Vision
Anabolic steroids
• Manufactured version of testosterone
(naturally produced in our body)
• Used to increase strength & power
• Reduces recovery time, more time for training
• Health risks of anabolic steroids. Medical experts
see significant dangers in the use – and
particularly the gross over-use – of anabolic
steroids. Some of the effects are minor or only
last while the drug is being taken; others are
more serious and long-term. For example,
anabolic steroids can cause high blood pressure,
acne, abnormalities in liver function, alterations
in the menstrual cycle in women, decline in sperm
production and impotence in men, kidney failure
and heart disease. They can also make both men
and women more aggressive.
Stimulants
• Increased alertness
• Mask tiredness
• Hype you up to compete
Use will cause
• Rise in body temp*
• Rapid breathing
• Loss of co-ordination & balance
• Violent & aggressive behaviour
Diuretics
• Increases fluid loss in body in an attempt to
decrease weight
• Used by athlete’s in weight category sports
• Also used to dilute urine so as to avoid
detection of anabolic steroids
Cont…
Use may cause:
• Faintness
• Dizziness
• Headaches
• Nausea
• Poor balance / co-ordination
• Muscle cramps
• Kidney failure
• Heart failure
Blood doping
• Injecting blood into the body to increase the
number of red blood cells, thereby increasing the
O2 levels in blood
• Increases energy availability & utilization
• Primarily for endurance athletes
• Risks of bacterial infections
• Sharing needles increases risk of Hepatitis & HIV.
• Blood clots, stroke or heart failure
Peptide Hormones & Analogues
• Messenger hormones made of two or more
amino acids
• Increase Muscle size and strength
• Two main types in Sport:
1. HGH
2. EPO
HGH
• Synthetic version of a hormone primarily
responsible for determining height
• Used by athlete’s to build muscle and bone
• Health risks:
- Acromegaly – hands, feet & face grow very
large
- Joint & muscle problems
- Diabetes
• Health risks of human growth hormone If you believe
all the hype – emanating mainly from drug
manufacturers – hGH is a wonder drug that will
remove wrinkles, reverse the ageing process, restore
vitality and improve sleep. Nevertheless, there are
some health risks. For example, too much hGH before
or during puberty can lead to gigantism, which is
excessive growth in height and other physical
attributes. After puberty, inflated levels of hGH can
cause acromegaly, a disease characterized by excessive
growth of the head, feet and hands. The lips, nose,
tongue, jaw and forehead increase in size and the
fingers and toes widen and become spade-like. The
organs and digestive system may also increase in size,
which may eventually cause heart failure. Acromegaly
sufferers often die before the age of 40. Excessive hGH
in adults may also lead to diabetes.
EPO
• Pharmacological alternative to blood doping
• Increases No. of red blood cells
• Risks (same as blood doping)
If EPO levels are too high the body will produce
too many red blood cells, which can lead to
blood clotting, heart attack and stroke. In fact,
EPO has been implicated in the deaths of
several athletes.
Assignment
• Visit http://www.wada-ama.org
• Answer:
1. What is the current status for use of
Clenbuterol, Caffeine & actovegin
2. What is the WADA monitoring program
3. Browse this site on ‘who will win the battle’
http://www.science.org.au/nova
Cont…
Download the ‘world anti doping code’
1. List the fundamental rationale of the code
2. Who’s responsibility is it to ensure that
prohibited substances do not enter their
body?
3. What else may constitute an anti-doping
violation?
Visithttp://www.asada.gov.au/substances/index.
html
• Watch the video on prohibited substance and
methods
Testing
• You can be selected for testing anywhere, any
time, and are subject to both random and
targeted selection methods.
• An ASADA Doping Control Officer (DCO) will
organise and manage the sample collection
session, ensuring that all procedures are
followed. A Chaperone will notify, accompany,
and witness you providing a sample.
Athletes may at times need to use a prohibited
medication to treat a legitimate medical
condition.
A Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) is an
exemption that allows an athlete to use, for
therapeutic purposes only, an otherwise
prohibited substance or method (of
administering a substance) which may be
present during competition.