Transcript Types of Drugs

Illegal Drugs
Test Yourself…
• What kinds of drugs do you know or hear
about most?
• What effects do you think these drugs have
on you?
• Drugs come in 3 different categories. Can
you name them?
Types of Drugs
• Drug – any substance taken to change a person’s
physical, mental or emotional state
• Depressant – a drug which causes the functions of an
organ to slow down
• Stimulant – a drug which stimulates the central nervous
system, giving a feeling of alertness and energy
• Hallucinogen =- the apparent belief that an external
object not actually present is real
• Narcotic – literally, that which makes numb or deadens
pain
Substance Categories
Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Narcotics
•Alcohol
•Valium
•Hashish
•Cocaine
•Nicotine
•Crack
•Ecstacy
•Heroin
•LSD
•PCP
•Mushrooms
•Codeine
•Demerol
•Morphine
•Opium
DRUG USE IN Ontario, grades
7-12 2001-2003
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ALCOHOL
CANNABIS
HALLUCINOGENS
COCAINE
ECSTACY
LSD
CRACK
HEROIN
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
TOTAL
39.1
6.2
1.8
1.9
0.5
0.7
1.7
0.8
48.9
10.7
2.6
3.6
0.8
1.1
2.7
1.4
65.1
27.9
7.8
4.9
3.7
3.7
3.1
1.5
75.1
35.9
12.5
4.6
4.6
4.2
3.0
2.0
79.9
45.0
17.4
6.9
6.6
4.0
3.6
1.3
82.5
44.8
15.3
6.7
7.2
2.7
2.5
1.1
66.2
29.6
10.0
4.8
4.1
2.9
2.7
1.4
Drug Abuse
A person who abuses drugs may display one or many
of the following problems:
1. Intoxications symptoms
2. Inability to cut down or stop use
3. The need for daily use of the substance
4. Impairment of social functioning or display antisocial behaviour
5. The use of any drug for a reason other then it’s
intended purpose
6. Excessive use of legal “social” drugs – alcohol,
caffeine, tobacco
7. Combining two or more substances in order to
obtain a more intense high
Dependency
• Psychological dependency – an emotional state
of craving a drug for either its positive effects or
negative effects caused by its absence
• Physical dependency – when the body has
adapted to a drug and cannot function normally
without it (ie) withdrawl symptoms
Early Signs of Drug Abuse…
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Behaviour at school or work changes
Trouble paying attention
Levels of efficiency fall dramatically
Lack of motivation
Lack of concern about physical appearance
Argumentative – quick to pick a fight
Loss of interest in usual pursuits
Unexplained absence from work or school
Need for more money
Circle of friends changes
Gateway Drugs
• Tolerance
• Gate way drugs
Marijuana
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Why do teens smoke marijuana?
Boredom
Fun
Stress
Peer pressure
Relax
Excitement
Gate way drug
MARIJUANA
Consider these facts before you decide to smoke MARIJUANA.
•There are more cancer-causing agents in marijuana than in any other
substance presently known to man.
•Crude marijuana contains more carcinogens (one hundred fifty more) and
in greater concentration than tobacco.
•One joint deposits four times as much cancer-causing tars in the
smoker's airways as does tobacco smoke.
•Smoking three to five joints a week is equal in harmful effects to smoking
16 cigarettes daily.
•Smoking one joint a day is equal to a pack of cigarettes daily.
•Three joints smoked per week for three to six months carries the same
probability of developing lung cancer as smoking a pack of cigarettes
daily for 20 to 30 years.
• Common Street Names: Pot, Reefer, Grass, Weed,
Dope, Ganja, Mary Jane, Bud, Yellow Submarine.
• HOW USED: Rolled into cigarettes or cigars, smoked
or eaten.
• DETECTABLE IN BODY: up to 28 days after use.
• Effects: red eyes, dry mouth and throat, drowsiness,
impair motor skills, loss of motivation interest, memory
and concentration difficulties develop.
• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol) is the main active
chemical which alters your mind.
The list is not over…
• Because a pot smoker tends to breathe in the smoke more
deeply and hold it longer than the tobacco user, greater harm is
done to the lungs.
• Five times as much carbon monoxide (associated with coronary
diseases) is inhaled in marijuana smoke as in tobacco smoke.
• Prolonged exposure to marijuana smoke can cause emphysemalike symptoms, cancer of the lungs, mouth, and tongue, and
leukemia in children born from marijuana-smoking mothers.
• Cases of cancer reported in users in their 20's and 30's include
cancer of the mouth, jaw, tongue, larynx, head, neck, and lungs.
Normally these cancers would occur between the ages of 55 and
60.
• Slows ability to reason and make good decisions. Slows reaction
time. Impairs memory. Makes you paranoid…
TOP TEN REASONS WHY
TO AVOID MARIJUANA
1. It’s illegal. Using, holding, buying,
selling can get you suspended, convicted or
expelled
2. Risky to your Health
3. Reduces coordination and concentration
4. You are what you wear.
5. Hurts education, family
TOP TEN continued
6. Resist peer pressure. Not easy at first, but less
pressure as they become aware.
7. You do not need it. Doesn’t make you cool
8. It’s not always what it seems. May be laced
9. Use will not help escape problems.
10. Everybody is “Not” doing it. Will not make
you happy, popular or learn skills.
Still think Marijuana is a
harmless drug?
Want a smile looking like this?
I don’t think so!!!
HEROIN
This is a picture of heroin that has been chopped and ready for use.
• DRUG TYPE: Heroin
• STREET NAME: Dope, Smack, Horse, Mud, Brown
sugar, Junk, Black tar, and Big H and China White
• LOOKS LIKE: Varies in colour from White to darkbrown powder or sticky black tar like substance
• HOW USED: Injected, smoked, or inhaled
• DETECTABLE IN BODY:1 to 4 days
Paying the Price of Heroin Use
The negative consequences of heroin use range from mild distress to life threatening
dangers and include:
• Dry, itchy skin and skin infections
• Constricted pupils and reduced night vision
• Nausea and vomiting
• Constipation and loss of appetite
• Menstrual irregularity
• Reduced sex drive
• Scarring ("tracks") along veins and collapsed veins
from repeated injections
• Irregular blood pressure
This picture shows a heroin
addict that has skin abscesses
from repeated injections
You thought the list was over
didn’t you…
• Slow and irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
• Fatigue, breathlessness, and labored, noisy breathing due to excessive fluid in the
lungs ("the rattles")
• Injuries that result from engaging in any activity (such as working, driving, or
operating machinery) when incapacitated by heroin use
• Dependence, addiction
• Hepatitis, AIDS, and other infections from unsanitary injection
• Stroke or heart attack caused by blood clots resulting from insoluble additives
• Respiratory paralysis, heart arrest, coma, and death from accidental overdose
Should it have to come to this ending
to make you realize…?
Cocaine
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DRUG TYPE: Cocaine
STREET NAME: Base, Beam, Coke, Snow, Nose Candy,
Flake, Blow, Big C, Lady, White, and Snowbirds
LOOKS LIKE: White crystalline powder which is soluble in
water.
HOW USED: Inhaled, sniffed, eaten or rubbed onto mucous
membranes
DETECTABLE IN BODY: 2 to 4 days
Effects: euphoria, alert, rapid heart beat and breathing,
sweating, high body temperature, erratic or violent behaviour,
tremors, suspiciousness, hallucinations etc.
Take note at her nose defect,
due to snorting
This is the slice of a brain, of a cocaine addict who died from an
overdose. The large dark lesion is a massive brain hemorrhage
associated to the use of cocaine
Crack Cocaine
• DRUG TYPE: Crack Cocaine
• STREET NAME: Crack, rock, freebase
• LOOKS LIKE: White to tan pellets or crystalline rocks that look like
soap
• HOW USED: Smoked
• DETECTABLE IN BODY: 2 to 4 days
• Effects: Constricted blood vessels and increased temperature, heart
rate, and blood pressure, restlessness, irritability, anxiety, violence and
paranoia. Additional risks of smoking crack include respiratory
problems such as shortness of breath, chest pains, lung trauma and
bleeding.
FAST FACTS
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Crack Cocaine is produced by dissolving powdered cocaine in a mixture of water
and ammonia or sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). The mixture is boiled until a
solid substance forms. The solid is removed from the liquid, dried, and then
broken into the chunks (rocks) that are sold as crack cocaine.
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Because crack cocaine is smoked, the user experiences a high in less than 10
seconds.
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Crack Cocaine produces an intense ‘rush’ or sense of joy with feelings of
increased energy and heightened senses such as sight, sound, smell, etc.
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The “joy” usually wears off in about 10 minutes, followed by a ‘crash’, marked
by feelings of anxiety, confusion, and often depression. Because of its potency
and short-lived high, crack is extremely addictive.
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Low doses of crack may create a perception of enhanced feelings of sexuality,
particularly in male users. Crack increases motor activity of users and reduces
the perceived need for food and sleep.
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Users have reported having ‘coke bugs’, a feeling of having insects crawling on
them.
What do you want to look like
at age 38?
I hope not like Roseanne Holland. This is what Crack Cocaine will do to you
over a 20 year period. Think twice before you act.
Psilocybin
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DRUG TYPE: Psilocybin
STREET NAME: Magic Mushrooms, 'shrooms
LOOKS LIKE: Fresh or dried mushrooms
Is a species of fungus which contains chemicals that result in
hallucinations when ingested.
• HOW USED: Chewed, swallowed or mixed with other foods
• DETECTABLE IN BODY: 6 hours
• Effects: sensation of relaxation or fatigue, separation from
surroundings, heaviness or lightness, dizziness, abdominal discomfort,
sweating, psychologically dependent
FAST FACTS
• After daily use for as little as three or four days, users build up tolerance. This
means that no amount of the drug will produce the desired psychedelic effects.
To feel them again, users must abstain for a few days.
• Mushrooms containing psilocybin do not appear to cause physical
dependence, even after long term use. Regular users may become
mentally dependent on the way magic mushrooms make them feel.
Ecstasy
ECSTASY
• STREET NAMES: Hug Drug, Adam, Eve, X, XTC, E, Roll and Bean,
Clarity, Essence, Lover’s Speed
• LOOKS LIKE: coloured tablets (often branded with designer symbols)capsules, powder
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HOW USED: Synthetic drug (stimulant & hallucinogenic effects) taken orally
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Effects:
• Drains the brain or an important chemical called seratonin. Causes
exhaustion at which point they may collapse and even die!
• Water consumption makes drug more harmful. Too much can cause brain to
swell.
HAZARDS
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Panic Attacks
Hallucinations
Paranoid Thinking
Blurred Vision
Increased Heart Rate
Feelings of well-being
(happiness, love)
• Increased Blood
Pressure
• Dehydration
• Hypothermia
• Fainting
• DEATH!
Signs of Overdose
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Loss of consciousness or coma
Faster breathing
Seizures or uncontrollable twitching
Overheating
Racing or irregular heart beat
Chest pain
Where to get help!!
• Talk to someone you trust. (ie. Parent,
friend, teacher, doctor, health nurse, or a
guidance or addiction counselor.
• Self help groups such as Alcoholics,
Cocaine or Narcotics Anonymous.
• Kids Help Phone @ 1-800-565-8603
• Centre for Addiction and Mental Health