Transcript Chapter 30 Lesson 2

Chapter 30 Lesson 2
•Treatment for HIV
and
AIDS
Detecting HIV Antibodies
• 2 phases of testing that have and accuracy of
99%
• Takes anywhere from 2 weeks to 6 months for
the body to produce antibodies following
infection
• After 6 months testing should indicate accurately
whether infection is present itn the body
• HIV- Human Immuno deficiency virus
• Acquired Immuno deficiency syndrome
HIV Testing
• 1st Test – ELISA - a test that screens for the
presence of HIV antibodies in the blood, not for
the HIV or AIDS virus
• Very sensitive and will be reactive even if there
are only one or two antibodies in the blood
sample
• Hemophelia, hepatitis, and pregnancy can
cause false reactive readings
• ELISA will be repeated if you get a positive test
the first time
HIV Testing
• 2nd Test – cnfirmatory test
• Western Blot, IFA or RIA will be given
• A positive test on one of these will confirm
HIV antibodies present in the blood
• The person may show no symptoms or
sign of infection
Symptoms of HIV Infection
• Asymptomatic – Earliest signs phase of HIV
• Period of months or years during which the virus
is present in the blood but there are no
symptoms or sign of the disease
• Even though symptoms may not appear for 1012 years a person infected with HIV will almost
always develop AIDS
• Person goes through different stages of disease
Symptoms of HIV Infection
• 2nd stage – Symptomatic – Symptoms
• Fever, rash, headache, body ache,
swollen glands – may be mistaken as flu
• These symptoms may pass over time the
person’s ability to fight pathogens
decreases, along with the T-Helper cell
count
Common AIDS- Opportunistic
Illnesses
• Page 666 in Text Book
• Pneumocystis carinii pnuemonia
• Kaposi’s sarcoma – a rare skin cancer
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Research and Treatment
• Search for vaccine and treatment is
ongoing
• Once HIV enters body it reproduces itself,
about a billion a day
• Everyday the body produces new immune
cells to fight the virus, and eventually the
immune system becomes exhausted and
overwhelmed by the virus
Research and Treatment
• New medication interfere with HIV’s ability
to reproduce
• Protease inhibitors – when used in
combination with other antiviral
medications such as zidovudine (AZT) and
3TC, has reduced the amount of HIV in
the body
• SEE PAGE 667
Obstacles to Research and
Treatment
• One of the biggest problems is that HIV is
in the family of retroviruses which
reproduce in a manner that makes it
difficult to combat
• New strains of the virus have emerged
• Affordability of treatment
Preventing the Spread of HIV/AIDS
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HIV is preventable
Avoiding high risk behavior
Making informed decisions
Making responsible decisions
Abstinence is the only 100% sure way of
never contracting the disease
Abstinence and HIV/AIDS
• Avoid situations and events where drug
use or the pressure to have sexual activity
is likely to occur
• Choose relationships carefully, avoid
forming dating relationships with someone
whom you know to be sexually active
• Avoid known drug users