Transcript Document

Clackamas County Juvenile Drug
Court Enhancement Evaluation
(OR)
NPC Research
Outcome and Cost Evaluation Results
Clackamas County Juvenile Drug Court
-Oregon City, OR
- Part of the tri-county area near Portland
- Implemented in 2001
-Highly Family Centered
-Only take juveniles who have an adult who
will sign up for the program with them
What are the main goals of Drug Court?
-Reduce recidivism
-Reduce substance use
-Improve family/community/individual
functioning
Enhancements
Increased family support resources and
enhanced family treatment
Strengthened links to sustainable
community resources
Process, outcome, and cost evaluation
Enhancements
Addition of Community Resource Liaison position
-Find and create new community resources
including community service opportunities
-Work to link youth to community resources
Family Therapist almost at full-time
-Already required family therapy
-More home visits
-Required parenting class instituted
Relationships/connections with
community agencies
Community Resource Liaison
 Added a Family Representative
 Oregon Youth Authority
 Developed connections with residential
treatment programs
 Trained community guides
 Strong relationships with local agencies
and community leaders
CCJDC Enhancement Evaluation
Outcome Results
CCJDC Enhancement Evaluation
Choosing a comparison group
*Juvenile Department Counselor
assistance (filled out one page survey
on youth they had not referred)
Drug Court and Comparison Group
Gender
Ethnicity
Average age at time of first referral
Average number of referrals prior to DC
entry date
Average number of detention episodes in
juvenile detention facility
Average number of episodes in
residential placement
Average Risk Score
Drug Court
N = 53
Comparison
N = 60
46 males
7 females
48 males
12 females
48 White
2 Hispanic
1 African Am.
1 Other
54 White
3 Hispanic
3 Other
13.85
14.09
4.57
3.67
1.92
1.15
.49
.53
10.68
9.37
RECIDIVISM
RECIDIVISM:
Average Number of Re-arrests
Average Number of Re-Arrests Over 24 months
2.5
2
All Participants
1.5
Graduated
1
Comparison
0.5
0
3
6
9
12
15
Months
18
21
24
Re-Arrest Rate
2 years from drug court entry
Graduates
29%
All Participants
44%
Comparison
82%
2nd year after drug court entry (1 year post-program)
Graduates
14%
All Participants
29%
Comparison
50%
Mean Number of Re-Referrals and Arrests in
3-Month Increments (non-cumulative)
Average # of re-arrests
0.5
0.4
Pre-enhancement
0.3
Post-enhancement
0.2
Comparison
0.1
0
3
6
9
12
Months
15
18
SUBSTANCE USE
Substance Use:
Percent of Positive UAs in 2 Month Increments
Percent positive UAs
0.3
0.25
0.2
Pre-enhancement
0.15
Post-enhancement
0.1
0.05
0
2
4
6
8
Months
10
12
Average # of Drug-Related Rearrests
Mean Number of Drug Related Re-Arrests in
3-Month Blocks
0.25
0.2
0.15
Pre-enhancement
Post-enhancement
0.1
Comparison
0.05
0
3
6
9
12
Months
15
18
PROGRAM COST RESULTS
Program Transactions
Transaction
Unit Cost
Avg. # of
Program
Transactions
Avg. Cost per
Participant
DC Appearances
$373.83
29.55
$11,047
Case Management
$29.78
356.82 Days
$10,626
Individual
Treatment Sessions
Group Treatment
Sessions
Family Therapy
Sessions
Parent Support
Group
Parent Education
Classes
Drug Tests (UAs)
$52.48
8.35
$438
$16.33
37.88
$619
$19.99
9.12
$182
$9.54
26.41
$252
$9.33
4.47
$42
$6.00
70.96
$426
Drug Patches
Total Drug Court
$20.00
1.19
$24
$23,656
Transaction
Program Investment by Agency
Agency
Circuit Court
District Attorney
Defense Attorney
Juvenile Department
Clackamas County
Mental Health
Oregon Youth Authority
C-TEC Youth Services
Total
Average Agency Cost
per Participant
$1,413
$1,234
$600
$12,974
$6,299
$855
$281
$23,656
Program/Placement Costs per Day
Placement Options
Cost Per Day
CCJDC Program
$66.26
Residential Treatment
$134.19
Shelter Care
$115.57
Short-term Detention
$187
Long-term Detention
$171.00
Adult Jail
$96.77
OUTCOME COST RESULTS
Transaction
Transaction
Unit Cost
Re-arrests/Referrals
$200.72
$171
$406
Formal Hearings
$89.80
$40
$61
Hearings
$44.90
All Drug Court
Participants
Comparison
Group
$53
Felony Cases
$390.00
$34
$12
Misdemeanor Cases
$280.00
$59
$92
Probation Violation Cases
$150.00
$48
$68
Residential Tx Days
$134.19
$4,046
$7,592
Foster Care Days
$29.78
$448
$390
Shelter Care Days
$115.57
$7
$529
$1.70
$256
$363
----
$5,121
$9,702
Jail Bookings
$20.59
$13
$4
Jail Bed Days
$96.77
$102
$19
Detention Days
Youth Correctional Facility
Days
Total
$183.65
$2,577
$1,827
$171.00
$5,340
$2,562
$13,153
$14,114
Juvenile Probation Days
Sub-Total
$148
Cost Difference (Savings)
(Savings over 2 years)
All Drug Court minus Comparison = $961 (Overall savings)
Graduates minus Comparison = $10,958 (Grad savings)
Terminated minus Comparison = -$6,037 (loss)
Detention Costs Averaged per Youth
$12,000
Detention Costs
$10,000
$8,000
Year 1
$6,000
Year 2
$4,000
$2,000
$0
Graduated
Terminated
Comparison
Year 1
$747
$9,785
$2,598
Year 2
$393
$2,876
$1,791
Program Response
Community Liaison: (Paradigm Shift)
 Arranges for (reserves) community service slots
each week and brings to team at client
progress meetings
 Increased the variety of community service
options
Youth can choose a service that is meaningful to them
Youth that don’t do well together can be sent to different
service options
 Attends end of court session to sign kids up
CONCLUSION
Results provide evidence that
the CCJDC Program:
 Reduced recidivism
 Reduced drug use
 Resulted in savings in outcome costs
FAMILY FUNCTIONING
Family Functioning
Family Communication
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
“We tell each other about
things that bother us”
2.73
“We take the time to listen to
each other”
2.74
“We are free to say what we
think in our family”
2.97
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2
Family Functioning
Problem Solving
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
“We spend too much
time arguing about
what our problems are”
2.28
“When problems come
up, we try different
ways of solving them”
2.81
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2 (Significantly)
Family Functioning
Family Rules and Expectations
(1 = strongly disagree, 4 = strongly agree)
“When you do something
wrong in our family, you
don’t know what to expect”
2.20
“It’s hard to tell what the
rules are in our family”
2.09
“The rules in our family don’t
make sense”
2.05
*Scores increased from time 1 to time 2
Family Functioning
Family Treatment Sessions
Graduates = 6.2 Sessions
Terminated = 3.9 Sessions
COST RESULTS
Research Strategies
 Costs and Benefits
(opportunity resources)
 Cost to taxpayer approach
(Public Funds)
 Transactional Cost Analysis
TICA Methods
Step 1: Determine the flow/process
Step 2: Identify the transactions
Step 3: Identify the agencies involved
Step 4: Determine the resources used
Step 5: Identify costs associated
Step 6: Calculate cost results
TICA Methods
Step 1: Determine the flow/process
DC program and “business-as-usual”

Interviews

Observation

Document review
TICA Methods
Step 2: Identify the transactions
Examine the process description from Step 1
Examples of transactions:

Drug court hearings

Treatment sessions

Drug Tests

Re-arrests

Jail Time
TICA Methods
Step 3: Identify the agencies involved
Interviews and Observations
Police
Officers
Asst. Pub.
Defender
Asst. D.A.
Drug Court
Hearing
Treatment
Staff
Court Staff
Time
Contract
Materials/
Services Per
Case
TICA Methods
Step 4: Determine the resources used
Interviews, Observations, Admin Data, Files
Do this for each transaction – example court
hearings
 Time spent in court
 Time spent preparing
 How many court hearings for each
participant
TICA Methods
Step 5: Identify costs associated
Interviews and Budget Reviews
Direct Costs
Support Costs (% of direct costs)
Institutional Overhead Costs (% direct costs)
TICA Methods
Step 6: Calculate cost results
 Investment Cost
 Net Investment
 Outcome Costs
 Net Outcome Costs
 Total Difference (Savings – or not)