Transcript Slide 1

CONGESTIVE HEART
FAILURE
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SYMPTOMS: Edema
Lung congestion
Abdominal discomfort
Shortness of Breath
Fatigue
TREATMENT: Medications
Restriction of fluids
Life style changes
Monitor I&O
Valve surgery
CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE:
HEART IS WEAK
Right side=back up of blood into blood veins
Left side=back up of blood into lungs
COMPLICATIONS:
Weakness
Hypotension, arrhythmias
Pulmonary edema
Skin breakdown
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:
Depression, Life Stress
Pneumonia, Fear of Dying
Loss of work, Poor sleep
Intimacy changes
What are they used for?
-Treat angina
-Treat hypertension
-Improve heart strength
-Control the beat
Common Medications
Used
-Nitroglycerin: for angina
-Digoxin: strengthen
-Diuretics (water pills)
HEART
MEDICATION:
Monitor I&O
Daily weights
Expected Effect of drug:
-Lower B/P
-Relieve pain
-Improve function
-Decrease fluid overload
Possible side-effects:
-Dizziness (Low B/P)
-Loss of too much fluid
-Kidney failure
-Sun burn
What are they used for?
-Prevent clots>stroke or
heart attack
-Treat DVT
Common Medication That
is Used
-Warfarin
ANTICOAGULANT
MEDICATIONS
Expected Effect of drug:
-Increase the time it takes
for the blood to clot
-Prevent stroke and heart
attack
Possible side-effects:
-Bleeding
-Fall risk > bleeding risk
-Watch for nose bleeds,
bruising, blood in urine:
OSTEOARTHRITIS
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SYMPTOMS: Pain, worse in
morning, Swollen & Stiff
joints, Loss of function,
Grating sound in joint,
Usually on weight bearing
joints
TREATMENT:
Pain medication,
Acupuncture, Hot & cold
applications, Exercise, PT,
OT, Massage, Joint
replacement surgery
OSTEOARTHRITIS: Wear and tear
from age, History of injury, Cartilage wears
away, Joints become inflamed, Bone spurs
develop, Loss of shock absorber effect
COMPLICATIONS:
Disability, Falls, Immobility,
Life stress,, Depression,
Chronic pain, Isolation,
Intimacy loss, Need help
with ADLs
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:
Loss of social contacts,
Can’t get to church, Loss of
intimacy and independence,
Depression, Anger
Why are they used?
-Injury
-Arthritis
-Surgical pain
-Cancer pain
-Fever
Common Medications
Used
-Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen
(for mild pain)
-Narcotics (for moderate to
severe pain)
MEDICATIONS
TO TREAT PAIN
Expected Effect of drug:
-Decreased pain and
inflammation
-Lower fever
-Improve comfort
Possible side-effects:
-Dizziness-falls
-Overdose
-Constipation
-Over-sedation
CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE
PULMONARY DISEASE
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SYMPTOMS: Cough, Need
to sit up to breath, Chest
tightness, Shortness of
breath, Fatigue, Cyanosis,
Intolerant of activity
TREATMENT: Oxygen, Stop
smoking, Position upright,
Medications, Inhalers,
Pulmonary rehab
COPD: Usually caused by smoking
Emphysema: air trapped in lungs, barrel chest
Chronic Bronchitis: irritated bronchi, mucus forms
COMPLICATIONS:
Confusion, Falls,
Pneumonia, Tachycardia,
Lack of sleep, Muscle
wasting, Inability to care for
self, Clubbing of fingers
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:
Depression, Anxiety,
Frustration, Family stress,
Fear of suffocation
What are they used for?
-Improve breathing with
COPD, Asthma
-Decrease inflammation in
lungs
Common Medications
Used
-Inhalers
-Nebulizer
-Oral medications (steroids)
Breathing
Medications
Expected Effect of drug:
-Improve comfort
-Promote rest & sleep
-Open air passageways
Possible side-effects:
-Shaking, nervousness
-Sore mouth
-Increased chance of
infections
DIABETES
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SYMPTOMS: Hunger, Thirst,
Frequent urination,
Drowsiness, Confusion,
Shaking, Loss of
consciousness
TREATMENT:
Injectable insulin, Oral
medication, Planned diet,
Scheduled meals & snacks,
Regular exercise, Pancreas
Transplant
DIABETES: Pancreas does not
produce insulin (Type 1)
Not enough or resistant insulin (Type 2)
COMPLICATIONS:
Heart disease, Blindness,
High blood pressure, Kidney
disease, Stroke,
Atherosclerosis, Unstable
blood sugar, Coma, Death
EMOTIONAL EFECTS
Depression, Anger,
Feel deprived of diet choices,
Social isolation, Feel selfconscious due to medication
use and diet requirements
What are they used for?
-Replace insulin
-Promote insulin production
-Allow body to use food
properly
Common Medications
Used
-Insulin injections
-Oral medications
DIABETIC
MEDICATIONS
Expected Effect of drug:
-Increase the amount of
insulin in the body
-Help the body use food
properly
Possible side-effects:
-Too much insulin in blood
-Affected by illness,
exercise, food intake
-Report intake changes!
STROKE
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SYMPTOMS: Paralysis on
one side of the body, Loss of
feeling on one side, Aphasia,
Dysphagia, Slurred speech,
Loss of consciousness
TREATMENT: Clot busting
drugs, Surgery, Blood
thinners, PT, OT, Speech
Therapy, Rehabilitation,
Range of Motion, Pace
maker
STROKE: Irregular heart beat causing
a clot to the brain
Ruptured blood vessel in the brain
Birth control pills increase risk
COMPLICATIONS:
Aspiration pneumonia,
Permanent disability, Unable
to communicate, Pain
syndromes, Vascular
dementia
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:
Financial loss, Depression,
Frustration, Anger, Intimacy
loss, Loss of Socialization,
Feel you are a burden
Dependency on others
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
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SYMPTOMS: Tingling
sensation, Dizziness,
Paralysis, Loss of feeling,
Loss of vision, Memory
changes, Symptoms may
come and go
TREATMENT: Medications,
Injections, Physical Therapy,
Lower stress, Avoid heat,
Natural remedies, Diet
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS):
Destruction of myelin sheath from body
attacking nerves. Heredity may be
factor
Considered autoimmune disease
COMPLICATIONS: Falls,
Immobility, Disability, Loss of
ability to work, Swallow
problems, Pneumonia,
Medication side effects,
Incontinence
EMOTIONAL EFFECTS:
Depression, Anger,
Frustration, Stress from loss
of income and self care
abilities, Loss of social
contact, Feel a burden