Transcript BIOL 103 Ch13-2 for Students

Nutrition From Childhood
through Adulthood
BIOL 103, Chapter 13-2
Today’s Topics
• Adolescence (Part 2)
• Adult/Mature Adult
Nutrition-Related Concerns for
Adolescents
1. Fitness and Sports
– Can provide __________ for learning about nutrition
and improve daily habits
2. Acne
– Investigating the connections between diets and
acne
•
Examples:
3. Eating disorders
– Becomes preoccupied with weight, appearance, and
eating habits.
– Not just a ____________________
Nutrition-Related Concerns for
Adolescents
4. Obesity
– Risk factors:
•
•
Physical:
– Developing high blood pressure
– Abnormal blood glucose tolerance and type 2
diabetes
– _______________________________________
__________________________________________
Psychological:
– ______________________________
Nutrition-Related Concerns for
Adolescents
5. Tobacco, alcohol, recreational drug
– Period of experimentation
– Alcohol and drug use may _______________
adequate food intake
– Teens who use drugs are usually underweight
and report __________________
•
•
•
Marijuana  ___________________
Tobacco  ____________________
Alcohol  _____________________
Staying Young While Growing Older
• Age-related changes
– Weight and body composition
• Add _________; lose _________________
• Overweight/obese  ____________________
• Underweight  ______________________________
– Physical activity
• Loss of lean body mass  reduced muscle and skeletal
strength
• Regular physical activities reduces _______________
and improves __________________
Staying Young While Growing Older
• Age-related concerns (cont.):
– Immunity
• Decline in _______________ mechanisms around 4050 yrs old
– Examples:
• Increased risk for urinary tract infections, upper
respiratory illness (pneumonia, influenza)
– Taste and smell
• Decline in sensitivity  thus, increases intake foods
_________________________________
• Better to serve foods with stronger flavors and odors
over bland food.
Staying Young While Growing Older
• Age-related concerns (cont.):
– Gastrointestinal changes
1. Reduced ________ production  _____________
and food is not well prepared for digestion
2. Reduced acid secretion (HCl and pepsin)  ______
efficient food digestion and allow the devlopment of
____________  interfere with _____ absorption
3. ____________ GI motility  constipation, bloating,
sense of fullness
Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult
• Energy
– Reduced calorie needs
• Decreased lean body mass
– Physical activity increases _________
requirements while also helping to _________
some loss in lean mass.
• Protein
– ________ needs per kg body weight as younger
adults
Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult
• Carbohydrate
– 45-65% of calories in diet (high-carb)
– Fiber  prevents constipation and diverticulosis,
reduce risk for _____________, promote healthy body
weight
• Fat
– Maintain a moderate _______________
• Water
– ____________ thirst response  dehydration
– Fluid recommendations are ______ as younger adults
Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult
• Vitamins of concern
– Vitamin D
• Needed for bone health, calcium balance  if not,
osteoporosis
• ________________ reduced skin synthesis and activation
of vitamin D
• _______________ needs compared to younger adults
– B vitamins
• Reduced ability to absorb ___________
• ____________________ may help reduce heart disease risk
• Should consume B12 fortified foods and supplements
Nutrient Needs for Mature Adults
• Antioxidants
– Found in fruits and vegetables
– Important to _______ oxidative stress and
________________ such as cataracts,
Alzheimer, and macular degeneration.
– May protect against damage to the ______
Nutrient Needs of the Mature Adult
• Minerals of concern
– ______________: Bone health
• Reasons:
– Many elders may be __________________
– _____________ ability to absorb calcium (less vitamin D
receptors in the gut)
– _____________: Immunity and wound healing
• _________________ deficiencies likely
• Avoid excess supplementation (mineral competition,
interferes with immune system)
– ______________
• Elders may have limited intake
Figure 13.16 Micronutrients of particular concern for
older people
As we age, our energy needs decline, but our vitamin
and mineral needs ________________
This makes _____________ foods especially important
for older adults.
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature
Adults
1. Drug-drug and drug-nutrient interactions
– Can affect use of ____________________
– Herbal supplements, vitamins and minerals
supplementation in high doses should be viewed as
drugs
– Possible interactions should be identified and avoided
2. Depression
– Common among institutionalized and low-income
seniors
– May reduce ________________
– _______________ can interfere with nutrient usage
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature
Adults
3. Anorexia of aging
– Loss of appetite with __________
– Can lead to __________________ malnutrition
4. Arthritis (pain and swelling in joints)
– May interfere with _____________ and ________
– _________________ may interfere with nutrient
absorption
– ___________________ and dietary changes may
improve symptoms
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature
Adults
5. Bowel and bladder regulation
– Increased risk of ______________________
– Chronic _____________ more common with age
•
Need for increased ____________________________
6. Dental health
– Tooth loss, difficulty swallowing, and mouth pain
may interfere with ____________________ or
_________________
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature
Adults
7. Vision Problems
– Can affect ability to shop and cook
– __________ may reduce ___________________
•
Anti-oxidants in green leafy vegetables can help
prevent free radical damage and may protect the eye
8. Osteoporosis
– Common in elders, especially _______________
– Maintain calcium, vitamin D, and ____________
Nutrition-Related Concerns of Mature
Adults
9. Alzheimer’s disease – accumulation of
plaques in certain regions of the brain and
degeneration of a certain class of neurons
– Affects _______________ to obtain, prepare, and
consume an optimal diet.
– Reduced ______________________
– Risk for weight loss and malnutrition
Meal Management for Mature Adults
• Managing independence
• Finding community resources
– Service for elders
• ________________________________
• ________________________________
• ________________________________