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CENTRAL DRUG AUTHORITY
ANNUAL REPORT
2014/2015
A presentation by the
Central Drug Authority
to the
Portfolio Committee
on
Social Development
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CONTENT OF REPORT
•
•
•
•
•
Introduction
NDMP strategic areas
Key institutional characteristics of CDA
Substance use related intervention needs
Activities and achievements of CDA & key support
structures
• Key CDA challenges and recommendations
CDA annual report 2014/2015
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INTRODUCTION
The annual report of the Central Drug Authority
(CDA) for the period 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015
describes the activities and achievements of the CDA
and its key support structures in implementing the
National Drug Master Plan (NDMP) 2013–2017.
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INTRODUCTION
The report also outlines:
(1) the key institutional characteristics of the CDA,
(2) the latter’s links with relevant national and international
organisations and initiatives,
(3) general areas of substance use related vulnerability to the
development of harm in South Africa, as well as
(4) the prevention/ intervention implications of the latter areas
of vulnerability. The report concludes with a note of
challenges and recommendations for resolving these
challenges.
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KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS (NDMP)
CDAs mandate is derived from Prevention of and Treatment for
Substance Abuse Act, No 70 of 2008, as well as, the National Drug
Master Plan. In countering the problem of substance use and abuse,
the support structures/agents are advised to apply the integrated
demand, supply and harm reduction intervention approach
recommended in the NDMP 2013–2017;
DEMAND REDUCTION
SUPPLY REDUCTION
HARM REDUCTION
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KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Institutional characteristics: the CDA is the primary South
African body that is statutorily mandated to advise Parliament
through the Minister of Social Development on substance use
and abuse.
• Oversee and monitor the implementation of NDMP 2013–
2017 by CDA support structures (national departments,
provincial substance abuse forums & local drug action
committees)
• Collaborates with relevant (inter)national agencies (e.g.
UNODC, SANAC, South African research and intervention
agencies)
• Participates in relevant (inter)national and regional initiatives
(e.g. BRICS Formal Anti-Drug Committee, Colombo Plan)
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KEY CDA INSTITUTIONAL
CHARACTERISTICS
CDA collaborates with regional and international organisations
such as;
• Commission on Narcotic Drugs (CND)
• United Nations Office on Drug Control and Crime (UNODC).
The CDA also participates in regional and international initiatives
directed at countering substance abuse through
• South African Minister and Deputy Minister of Social
Development,
The CDA participated in
• Development of the 2013–2017 AU Plan of Action (AUPA) at
the AU Conference of Ministers for Drug Control.
The CDA supports the implementation of the drug demand
reduction programmes and training models of the Colombo Plan.
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LEVEL OF SUBSTANCE USE
• South Africans are vulnerable to substance use related
harm (e.g. substance abuse) in that –
o a comparatively high overall level of substance use occurs
(e.g. wide range of substances used)
o intense substance use occurs from an early age – ±8years
(e.g. binge drinking, poly-substance use)
• In terms of WHO 2014, Global status report on alcohol
and health.
o The South African Adult per capita alcohol consumption
(APC) for 2010 was 11.0, corresponding figures of
 6.0 and 6.2 respectively for African region and world
 Americas (8.4) and Europe (10.9).
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SUBSTANCE USE RELATED
INTERVENTION
Focus on without neglecting other forms of substance use:
 use of alcohol (especially binge drinking & comparatively
heavy weekend drinking), tobacco, cannabis and heroin,
and non-medical use of medicinal preparations
 poly-substance use (use of a combination of substances)
 injection substance use which will include collaboration
with NSP
 use of homebrewed alcohol concoctions
 use of substances comparatively new to the substance use
market, e.g. cat, khat, NPS and nyaope
 early substance use onset (e.g. before adolescence)
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SUBSTANCE USE RELATED
INTERVENTION NEEDS CONTINUED
• Intervention agents are advised to –
o apply integrated demand, supply & harm reduction
intervention approach bearing in mind that –
 substance use & related harm are outflow of a
combination of individual & societal factors
 evidence that restrictions on access to substances &
socio-economic deprivation alleviation facilitate the
countering of substance use related harm
 access to quality substance use related treatment &
aftercare services is essential for reducing the health &
socio-economic costs associated with substance use
related harm
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National Drug Master Plan specific outcomes in
which the activities are based
1.
2.
Reduction of the bio-socioeconomic impact of substance
abuse and related illnesses on
the South African population
(harm reduction).
Ability of all people in South
Africa to deal with problems
related to substance abuse
within communities (demand
reduction).
3. Reduced availability of
substance dependence-forming
drugs and alcoholic beverages
(supply reduction).
4. Recreational facilities and
diversion programmes that prevent
vulnerable populations from
becoming substance dependents
(demand reduction).
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National Drug Master Plan specific outcomes in
which the activities are based
5. Development protocols and
practices for integrated diagnosis
and treatment of substance
dependence and co-occurring
disorders and for funding such
diagnosis and treatment (harm
reduction).
6. Harmonisation and enforcement
of laws and policies to facilitate
effective governance of the alcohol
and drug supply chain (supply
reduction).
7. Creation of employment
opportunities in the field of
combating substance abuse
(demand reduction).
CDA Annual report 2014/2015
CDA Targets for 2014/2015 were as
follows:
• Monitoring and ensuring the
implementation of NDMP 20132017;
• Improve access interventions and
treatment;
• Reduce harm associated with
substance abuse;
• Reduce social ills associated with
substance abuse;
• Conduct a national household survey
on substance use/abuse;
• Strengthen capacity of CDA’s
support structures with regard to the
implementation of NDMP 2013–
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2017.
ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Substantialy more intense work has been done, compared to previous year
• CDA facilitated strengthening of –
o support structures
o access to quality treatment (building of treatment centers) (DSD)
Secured R150 million from Treasury to establish 4 public treatment
centres in provinces that did not have these facilities.
o Hosted the Substance Abuse Treatment Symposium, in Kimberly;
o Organised and hosted the Cannabis Round Table;
o Maintained 9 PSAFs established 238 LDACs (audit is to be conducted)
o Monitored implementation of resolutions of 2nd Biennial Anti-Substance
Abuse Summit Developed; Monitoring the implementation of the
National Anti-Substance Abuse Programme of Action in 9 national
government departments
o Awareness among young people about the problem of substance abuse
o Partnerships with relevant local, regional and international agencies e.g
SANAC and UNODC and Colombo Plan training of stakeholders
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Demand Reduction Strategy
• Capacitated stakeholders in 9 provinces to implement Act 70 of 2008 and
training on components and implementation of NDMP 2013–17.
• Monitored the implementation of the department’s community-based model
(DSD).
• Implemented the department’s Anti-Substance Abuse Awareness and
Education Programme and commemoration of the International Day Against
Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking.
• Assessed and registered inpatient and 2 outpatient treatment services (DSD).
• Drafted minimum norms and standards for halfway houses, (DSD)
• Capacitated 35 municipalities for their efforts towards social mobilisation.
• Strengthening of an anti-substance use policy (anti-doping rules) SAID
(Department of Sport).
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Demand Reduction strategy cont.…
• Conducted anti-substance abuse festive season campaign.
• Monitored the implementation of the programmes of action (POAs) of
national departments. (DSD)
• Conducted anti-substance abuse programmes, run by social workers and in
which 16 342 sentenced offenders, probationers and parolees participated.
(DCS)
• Conducted a wellness programme on substance abuse in which 22 446
employees participated. (DCS)
• Held dialogues with 600 children in 3 schools in rural areas in the Free
State during Child Protection Week to teach them about problems related
to substance abuse and government services available to them (DOJ&CD)
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Demand Reduction strategy cont.…
• 7 interventions in Gauteng, including indaba talks on substance
abuse related problems, in community halls and roadshows in
partnership with the National Prosecuting Authority, reaching 3
876 people. (DOJ&CD)
• School campaigns in communities with high levels of substance
abuse, reaching 680 people and creating awareness of the effects
of substance abuse.
• 3 awareness raising campaigns in Limpopo on sexual offences
and the interplay between such offences and substance abuse,
reaching 750 people. (DOJ&CD
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Demand Reduction strategy cont.…
• 20 awareness raising campaigns in the Northern Cape on
substance abuse and cyber bullying. Included the training of
stakeholders, imbizos on the Child Justice Act as well as
available government services. (DOJ&CD)
• Held 72 public education initiatives on substance abuse related
problems. (DOJ&CD)
• Talk shows through student support services at technical,
vocational education and training (TVET) colleges. (Higher
education) hosting substance abuse experts.
• Awareness raising campaigns in tertiary institutions on
substance abuse. (DHET, DSD,CDA)
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
SAID and Department of Sport:
• Conducted 2 357 doping tests (these inter alia found that steroid use is
increasing among learners in schools).
• Implemented 5 campaigns and recreational programmes that focus on
reducing substance use and abuse;
• 20 468 people took part in indigenous rural sports, improvement
initiatives or other related activities in different provinces and
municipalities;
• supported one national school championship for 11 federations;
• provided 226 schools with sports equipment, focusing on priority
sporting codes.
• 10 915 learners participate in school sports, including children with
disabilities.
• building 2 recreational and sports fields to provide infrastructure
access; and providing technical and management support to establish
25 recreational facilities.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Supply Reduction: To reduce the supply of substances, the
following activities were implemented
Through collaboration with (SARS)
• Detection and seizure of various illicit substance and
related detention/arrest
– Seizing 150 kg of “tik” worth over R43 million at OR
Tambo Airport.
– Seizing 34.55 kg of crystal methamphetamine valued at
R10.3 million and another 200 kg with a street value of
R59.1 million at OR Tambo International Airport.
– Discovering more than 95 kg bricks of cocaine in crystal
form worth almost R28 500 million at Durban harbour.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Supply Reduction cont…(SARS)
• Intercepting 65 kg of crystal methamphetamine valued at
R19.3 million at OR Tambo International Airport.
• Executing 164 investigation projects, 54 in the illicit
economy (enterprises set up through criminal activities)
and 106 in the legitimate economy but involving illegal
activities.
• Conducting 17 533 disruption and detection interventions,
resulting in 2 606 detentions, 2 726 seizures and 27 arrest
referrals.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Supply Reduction cont…(SAPS)
• Detection and closure of unlicensed liquor outlets as well as
laboratories manufacturing illicit substances; seizure of illegally sold
liquor and illicit substances; arrests and convictions for drug related
offences.
• Conducting compliance inspections at licensed liquor outlets (462,980
inspections). (SAPS)
• Closing of unlicensed/illegal liquor outlets (37,490),
unregistered/illegal liquor distributors (368), unregistered/illegal
macro/micro liquor manufacturers (121).
• Confiscating liquor (1 540 992,583 litre) sold at unlicensed/illegal
outlets.
• Arresting persons for driving under the influence of liquor and other
drugs (65,578 cases). (SAPS)
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Supply Reduction cont…(SAPS)
• Seizing dry cannabis as well as cannabis plants (440, 434.284 kg);
mandrax tablets (30,2 79,075); crystal methamphetamine (“tik-tik”)
(59,874 kg); cocaine (12,214 kg); heroin (212,333 kg) in the course of
various police actions. (SAPS)
• Reporting crimes for possession and dealing in illicit substances
(267,034 cases). (SAPS)
• Dismantling 57 clandestine drug laboratories - 31 laboratories were
hydroponic laboratories and 26 were other synthetic chemical
laboratories). (SAPS)
• Arresting – through the work of the Directorate for Priority Crime –
324 persons for drug relate offences and obtaining 98 convictions in
respect of these arrests. (SAPS)
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
• Seizing – through border policing (SAPS)
– heroin (18,517 kg),
– cocaine (423,025 kg),
– crystal methamphetamine (“tik-tik”) (637,757 kg
– 40 litre in liquid form),
– dry cannabis (12,629,382 kg),
– cannabis plants (9),
– ecstasy (1,492 tablets and 0.500 kg powder),
– mandrax tablets (1,634),
– 1 rock of crack cocaine.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Harm Reduction strategy: implemented;
• Substance Abuse Treatment Symposium in Kimberley Northern Cape.
• Drafted final legislation on the control of alcohol beverage marketing for
submission to Cabinet. (DoH)
• Drafted regulations on warning labels on alcoholic beverages. (DoH)
• Continuing surveillance to monitor trends in the nature and extent of
substance abuse.
• Finalised detoxification guidelines with the help of a team of specialists,
submitting them to the Essential Drug List Committee and circulating
them among provincial drug list committees. (DoH)
• Securing R150 million from Treasury to establish 4 public treatment
centres in provinces that did not have such facilities. (DSD/CDA)
• Monitoring the implementation of the Minimum Norms and Standards
for Inpatient Treatment Centres at two residential treatment centres in
two provinces.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Harm Reduction strategy cont…. Through collaboration with Medicines
Control Council. Continuously maintaining the Schedules to the Medicine
Act and changing the scheduling classification of medicines or substances,
or updating them in line with registered products and new information on
existing scheduled substances.
• Updating inscriptions for substances in Schedules 5, 6 and 7 by including
all chemically related and synthetic analogues for these substances.
(MCC)
• Listing the following substances in Schedule 7: AH-7921, 25B-NB0Me
(2C-B-NBOMe), 25C-NB0Me (2C-C-NBOMe), 25I-NB0Me (2C-INBOMe), N-benzylpiperazine (BZP), JWH-018, AM-2201,3,4mythylenedoxypyrovalerone (MDPV), Methylone (beta-keto-MDMA)
and Mephedrone. (MCC)
• Reviewing the risk benefits of all meprobamate-containing products to
make sure that they meet acceptable standards of safety, quality and
efficacy or to withdraw them from the market following the international
regulatory authority. (MCC)
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
Harm Reduction strategy cont….MCC
• Reviewing over-the-counter products containing codeine in order to
minimise the potential for misuse and abuse, in line with what other
regulatory agencies were doing.
• Amending Schedules to reduce the maximum quantity of codeine per
dosage unit for combination tablet and liquid preparations from 20 mg to
10 mg, limiting the daily dosage to 80 mg and the maximum treatment
period to 5 days.
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ACTIVITIES & ACHIEVEMENTS OF CDA
• Challenges related to PSAFs implementation of NDMP
2013-2017:
o Substance abuse interventions generally left to Department
of Social Development
o Local governments recognise need for substance abuse
intervention but provide no concrete support
o Rendering quality substance abuse related treatment
compromised by mushrooming of unregistered treatment
centres & difficulties in ensuring latter centres register (audit
was conducted)
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KEY CDA CHALLENGES
• Evidence-based intervention constrained by lack of comprehensive upto-date national data
• New forms of substance use & abuse continuously emerging
• Inadequate resources for NDMP 2013–2017 implementation
• Local government defaults on supporting local drug action committees
• Inadequate access to treatment services
• Illegal/unregistered treatment centres mushrooming
• Incomplete stakeholder representation in PSAFs
• Poor reporting by stakeholders (stakeholders do not submit annual
reports timely)
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KEY CDA RECOMMENDATIONS
• Allocate adequate resources
• Ensure increased quality substance use related treatment
• Facilitate evidence-based & comprehensive implementation of
NDMP 2013–2017 by for example
o implementing periodic, methodologically comparable
comprehensive national population household surveys on
substance use
o strengthening national, provincial & local CDA support
structures
• Harmonise substance use related legislation to greater extent
• Review Prevention of and Treatment for Substance Abuse Act
(Act 70 of 2008)
• Review the structure of the CDA
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THANK YOU
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