Transcript Tecnólogo: Solução ou empulhação?

Preparing the Brazilian labour force
Claudio de Moura Castro
Labour Markets
• 20 Century: Fast economic
development with slow education
• Industrial Revolution with no
training?
• Quality training bad education
• Education and training always trying
to catch up
• Recent growth --> acute scarcities
TVET
TVET
TVET
History of System S
1942: SENAI is born:
• Employers own and operate
• Funded on 1% on payroll
• Budget predictability
• Swiss-German DNA, to train workers
• Methodical series
• In practice, independent from Labour
Ministry
• Those who hire workers own the
system: good targeting
• SENAI on top of World Skills Compet.
• Criteria are economic not social
• As good as the employers'
associations
• Other "S" more heterogeneous
• Train around 7 million/year, spend 4
million dollars
• Trains pre-service and upgrade but
not the unemployed (with their $)
• Very little to the informal workers
(except SEBRAE)
• Considerable R&D projects sold to
enterprises
• Strong esprit de corps, have to
defend from the left
• Apprenticeship killed by excess
protection to apprentices
• Gender: women have more
education except in Ph.Ds and blue
collar occupation
• Regional disparities: less than in
education
The invisible training sector
• Not in the statistics for enrollment or
expenditures
• Does not exist legally
• Controlled by supply and demand
• More than 40 million enrollment
• 20 billion expenditures, 5% of GDP
• Plays important roles
The Ministry of Education and
the technical schools
• Technical schools: try to do to much,
unstable equilibrium
• Heavier work load than plain
secondary (2400 h + 1000 hours)
• 100 odd federal schools: too elitist
and preparing for competitive
universities
• "Academic drift". Most graduates do
not follow trades taught
• Not market driven
• Some do excellent R&D
Growth in private sector
• Growth lead by for-profit proprietary
institutions
• Public schools too expensive
• --> private schools growing with two
digits, not as good but adequate
• Total enrolment still less than 10% of
secondary
The Ministry of Education and
the post-secondary schools
• Considering small higher education
enrollment took too long to grow
• 13% of higher education enrollment
but growing fast
• Private sector growing faster,
proprietary colleges investing
[email protected]
www.cmcastro.com.br
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