Transcript Background and slogans of Chinese foreign policy Current situation

Overview of Beijing
Chen Qian
Beijing
• Population: 23.07 million (2012)
• Regional GDP: 1.6 trillion RMB, or $26.6 billion
• GDP per capita: 80,394 RMB, or $12,447
Old Beijing 1990
Old Town Beijing
Old Town Beijing
CBD (central business district) Beijing
Chinese Foreign Policy
Chen Qian
Contents
 Background and slogans of Chinese foreign policy
 Current situation
 Diplomacy to United States (how China see U.S.)
 Energy secure policy (operations in Australia, Brazil, and
Persian Gulf )
 Territorial claims (strategies to India, Japan, and Taiwan)
 ODA and foreign investment (foreign aid to Africa, Latin
America, and South Asia)
 Implications and questions
Background
China mainly focused on the domestic issue and national
security and stability before 1980.
Chinese foreign policy formally start after the “Chinese
Reform and Opening”(1980) which led by Deng Xiaoping.
The main tasks of Chinese foreign policy are defensive and
have not changed much since the Cold War era:
 to blunt destabilizing influences from abroad
 to avoid territorial losses,
 to reduce its neighbors' suspicions,
 to sustain economic growth.
Slogans
 “Five principles of peaceful coexistence”
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
Mutual non-aggression.
Mutual non-interference in each other's internal affairs.
Equality and mutual benefit.
Peaceful co-existence.
Purpose:
• Implies that good-neighborly relations come from preventing external
instabilities from “spilling over” to fuel internal frictions.
• Suggests non-interference in internal affairs, mostly notably Taiwan
and Tibet.
 “New security concept”
• Adhere to the FPPC, but emphasizes on the bilaterally beneficial
economic cooperation among states.
Purpose:
• It marks the new proactive Chinese approaches to international affairs.
Slogans
 “Peaceful rise/development”
• reassure the international community, particularly the neighboring
countries, of China’s benign future and that China’s rise will not be a
zero-sum game.
 “Harmonious world”
• Manifest China’s commitment to global peace and stability, and the
goal of a more just and equitable international system.
I. Diplomacy to U.S.
Before the Cold War, the US–Soviet tensions drove
China–US cooperation against Soviet expansion.
The collapse of Soviet Union led the divergence of
Chinese and American strategy.
Basic forms of China’s post-cold war policies toward US:
I. Diplomacy to U.S. (cont.)
The practical effectiveness of foreign policies towards U.S.
I. Diplomacy to U.S. (cont.)
Chinese foreign policies in accordance with actions of U.S.
Q: How China & America see each other?
Principle contradiction of Sino-U.S. relation:
 security and territorial integrity
 instigate the independence of Taiwan and sales arms
 meet the Dalai Lama who want the Tibetan independence
through a series of inflammatory speeches
 contact with the Rabiye Qadir who is responsible to a series of
violent and bloody terrorist attacks in Xinjiang
 the different vision of future
 U.S.: want to keep its unipolar status quo
 China: achieve entirely access to globalization, meet its
sustainable development
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
Ba0QECdyass
http://www.youtube
.com/watch?v=5zn
kLQdDpdI
Q: How China & America see each other?
Difference of American Experts and Public’s view to China:
 Expert:
 far less concerned about China’s rising power
 more likely to support building a strong relationship with China
 mostly describe China as a competitor of the United States
 General public:
 concerned about China’s growing economic strength and the
negative effect on U.S.
 more likely than the experts to label China as an threat
 should be tough with China on trade/economy
II. Energy secure policy
Overview
Domestic inequality of resource supply and demand
20% world population, 12.6% world coal reserves,
1.3% oil and natural gas reserves.
Vulnerable to high prices, supply fluctuations, and
increased competition for geographically concentrated
energy resources.
II. Energy secure policy (Oil)
 Oil Strategy: diversify suppliers and secure energy
sources.
Poor domestic production
Given the instability of Iran politics, China increases its
cooperation with the oil-producing Persian Gulf countries.
II. Energy secure policy (Iron ore)
 Iron Ore Strategy: shift from resource trade to resource
investment bilaterally.
Australia is the largest iron ore exporter to China.
Invest in Australian resources in the hope of integrating its
steel production and supply chain.
III. Territorial claims
Proclaim the disputed regions as inalienable part of China.
Major territorial claims regions:




Taiwan
Diaoyu Islands (with Japan)
South China Sea (with Philippines)
Aksai Chin (with India)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XsU7wjbOPZ4
III. Territorial claims
Q: What is the Chinese Military Might for?
• show the military capability to surrounding countries
• enhance the domestic security confidence
• self-defense rather than active attacks or aggression
“Is it a threat?”…
China's Armed Forces Are the
Biggest in the World!!!
 Yes, but depends on how you count.
• Shrinking active personnel by 1.7 million in last decade.
(2,200,000 out of 1.3 billion population, compared to US’s 1,455,375 out of 312
million)
• Much less defense spending than US.
($ 100 billion vs. $738 billion in U.S.)
• Limited global range
(no overseas bases vs. 285,773 American active-duty personnel overseas)
• Think about the one-child policy…
IV. ODA and foreign investments
• Region: Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia
• Formation: Partially resembles official development assistance
(ODA), partially shares characteristics of foreign investment.
• Consist: concessional or low-interest loans and governmentbacked or subsidized investments in infrastructure and natural
resources
• Goals:
I. Promote regional peace and economy
II. Filling unmet development needs
III. Secure and transport natural resources
Implications & Questions
 What is the right way for U.S. treat the aggressive minorities
(Dalai Lama) ?
 Where are Chinese territorial claims really comes from? And is
there a appropriate solution towards them?
 How China deal with the contradiction between the “energy
diplomacy” and the close relationships with unsavory regimes
(such as Libya, Iran…)