Transcript - Adaptation

Economics of Climate Change
Adaptation: Regional Consultation
on Capacity Building Needs in Asia
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Maldivian Delegation
24-26 October 2012, Four Seasons Hotel, Bangkok
Country Profile
 1,190 islands.
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 198 Inhabited Islands.
 Economy - Tourism and Fishing
 Total land area 300 km2
 Largest land area ~6 sq km
Population approx. 350,000
Climate Change vulnerability
• First National Communication (2001) and
National Adaptation Program of Action (2007)
Identified the following:
– Land loss and beach erosion
– Damage to key infrastructure
– Damage to coral reefs
– Water resources
– Human health
– Food security
Land loss and beach erosion
•Risk of sea level rise
•Highest elevation about 3 m
•80 % less than 1m above
sealevel
•Severe beach erosion observed
in more than 55% of the islands
Damage to key infrastructure
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Small buffer zone between cost and land
Very prone to wave induced flooding
Tourism – major source of revenue
Infrastructure damage – investment risks
2004 tsunami- airport shut down or 2
weeks, probable scenario for severe
flooding
Impact on coral reef
• Increase in sea surface
temperature
• Coral bleaching
• More than 70% of reefs
affected, still recocering
Food security
• Heavy dependence on import
• Ration of food
• Impact by regional countries
Water Resources
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Wave impacts
Salt water intrusion
Improper sanitation systems
Elongated drought periods,
Last 3 years approx. more than MVR 2,000,000/year (USD 130,000)
spent on provision of emergency water, 86 islands
Human Health
• Erratic intermittent rainfall
patterns
• Outbreak of dengue and malaria
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Energy
GDP of Maldives is US$ mn 906.00 (y 2009)
Fuel import bill is 31.7% of GDP @ US$ m 288.2 (2008)
GHG emissions 676,223 tons CO2 equivalent in 2005
2009 was 1,034,354 tons of CO2 equivalent
Carbon neutral nation 2020
Priorities and plans
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According to NAPA (2007) highest priority:
– Coastal adaptation
– Water resources
Needs revision - Evidence based decision making (data availability)
Development plans focused more on short term plans
– Strategic Action plan (5 year)
– Strategic National Action Plan on CCA and DRR (5 year)
– National Development plans (10 year)
– Tourism master plans (5 years)
Long-term plans
– 2020 vision
– NEAP 2020
Quantitative and qualitative aspects considered in internal planning, however ,
not the highest priority in budget decisions
Constraints
• Systematically and comprehensively vulnerabilities given less
consideration in the development planning process – increases the
vulnerability, exacerbate the risks
• Insufficient inter-sectoral coordination – political instability, changes in
government ministries, emerging policies, laws and regulations,
decentralisation – leads to waste of resources
• Shortage of skilled and professional staff within the government sector
• Limited knowledge and technical expertise about climate risk
management and climate change adaptation more generally across all
sectors
• Senior decision makers need to be aware of economics of climate change
adaptation including those involved in budgetary processes
• Aid effectiveness – target of the governments, effective utilization
• Lack of understanding about climate change economics among decision
makers – difficulties in progress of projects