Transcript ClassMUN2x - 4P1-4P2-ihc

4P1 Class MUN
Delegation of United Kingdom
Done By : Heng Yi Xiang (8)
Ong Jia Hong (22)
United Kingdom
 Economy was greatly affected by the 2008 recession
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Entered it’s worst recession since World War 2
Poverty line is defined as being 60% of the median household income
In 2007-2008, 22% ( 13.5 million ) of the population lived below this line
UK has a higher level of relative poverty than most countries.
 UK’s armed forces
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Has the third highest military expenditure in the world
Possess nuclear weapons
Charged with protecting United Kingdom and its overseas territories
Promoting UK’s global security issues and supporting peacekeeping efforts
Foreign Relations
 Permanent member of United Nations Security Council
 Has the power to veto any substantive resolution
 Played an active role in carrying out resolutions
 Provided 34 million worth of aid, food, money to Somalia in 2008-2009
 Member state of the European Union
 EU forces have been deployed on peacekeeping missions over the globe
 But does not have large military capabilities, seeing NATO as sufficient
 Member of North Atlantic Treaty Organization(NATO)
 Member of G20, G8, G7, Council of Europe, WTO, etc .
 Exercises huge power and influence around the globe
UK – Somalia Relations
 In 1963, Somalia severed diplomatic ties with United Kingdom
 This was due to a dispute over the Northern Frontier District (NFD)
 Greatly affected ties between Somalia and United Kingdom
 But nonetheless, UK sent 34 million worth of aid to Somalia to fight piracy
 Marked by constant aid given by United Kingdom (Improving ties)
 Aid package for Somalia’s transitional government
 Revealed during the first official visit of Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed
 Offered 5.5m to improve Somalia’s security
Situation analysis
Piracy in
Somalia
Security
threat
Causes
Illegal
fishing
Dumping of
toxic waste
into waters
Weapon
funding to
pirates
Political
instability
Absence of
national
coast guards
Lack of
central govt.
Situation analysis - Piracy
 Piracy have been rampant near the coast of
Somalia since the second civil war in Somalia
( early 21st century )
 Increasing threat posed by piracy also caused
significant concerns to many states (e.g. India ) as
multiple shipping trade routes pass through the
Gulf of Aden
Situation analysis - Piracy
 Estimated per capita GDP of $600 per year,
 73% of the population lived on a daily income below
$2. These factors and the lucrative success of many
hijacking operations have drawn a number of young
men toward piracy.
 Foreign trawlers began illegally fishing Somalia's seas,
with an estimated $300 million of tuna, shrimp, and
lobster being taken each year, depleting stocks
previously available to local fishermen.
 Severely constrained the ability of local fishermen to
earn a living and forced many to turn to pirating
instead
 “They became pirates in order to protect their waters”
Situation analysis
[Dumping of toxic waste]
 The European Green Party reported that 10 million
tones of toxic waste was exchanged for $80 million
 Inhabitants around regions affected by nuclear
waste experienced radiation poisoning
– Poisoning marine line
Situation analysis
[Dumping of toxic waste]
• Toxic waste dumping off of the coast of Somalia has
forced many local fishermen to resort to piracy.
Situation analysis – Weapon funding
 Provision of Arms and Instability
– UN reports Yemen and Mogadishu as a primary source of
weapons for the pirates
– Political upheaval leads to an increase in piracy
• impedes shipping of oil through Suez Canal
 No direct actions taken on Yemen to prevent
trafficking of weaponry
Situation analysis - National coast
guards
 Absence of National Coast Guard
– The Somali Government collapsed in 1991 as a result of
the Somalia Civil War
• Disbandment of National Coast Guard and Somali Armed Forces
– Fishermen have to assume to role of the coast guard
through piracy
 Somali waters remain unprotected
Situation analysis – Lack of central govt.
 Ineffective governing of the waters
 Areas in Somalia are safe havens for pirates who are
provided with weapons
 Provides opportunities to criminals to carry out
activities freely
 Piracy seen as easy and lucrative opportunity
Situation analysis – political
instability
 In 1969 Somalia's second president, Abdi Rashid Ali
Shirmarke, was assassinated
Situation analysis – political
instability
 Somalia experiences many economic problems
 Native clans in Somalia are constantly fighting with
their foes to take control of land and increase their
wealth
Situation analysis – political
instability
 Business and the economy of Somalia is also severely
affected by the political instability
 With political instability in Somalia, unrests are prone
to happen which will affect & deter business in the
area.
 Unemployment rates will rise as many companies will
choose to relocate
Situation analysis – political
instability
 Political instability deters foreign investors and
*MNCs from investing in Somalia
 With insufficient funds, Somalia is unable to
effectively combat piracy
*MNC – Multi national corporations
Situation analysis – trivia
 In recent years (2007 – 2009 ), many countries an
international organisations have offered to help
ease the piracy situation in Somalia
– Russia, Singapore, UN, Maritime Peace Organisation,
India, EU.
Proposed Solutions
Providing Aid to Somalia’s
Government [ Economic, Military,
Education ]
Military Support and Convoys
Utilise raw materials
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Economic Aid)
 UK in 2008-2009 has already sent 34 million worth
of aid to Somalia to help them with their weak
economy
 Recently, UK also announced 5.8 million for a new
programme to help promote peace and security in the
region by supporting reconciliation and local peace
building initiatives between clans and communities
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Economic Aid)
 We believed that the long term solution to combating
piracy is to have a strong, stable internal government
who can wipe out pirates’ bases on land and also
eradicate them from the sea.
 In order to do so, we must first provide economic aid
to Somalia’s whose economy is unstable due to the
random and huge amount of spending by wealthier
pirates
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Economic Aid)
 But its’ population continued to suffer, and most lived
below the poverty line. This led people to turn to
piracy, in order to make a living. Therefore, once
again by providing economic aid, people will then not
turn to piracy, reducing the cases of piracy.
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Military Aid)
• Providing Training centers for Somali’s navy
forces
 Allow the Somali’s navy forces to be better equip. Right
now, they hardly have any ships or weapons that can be
used to deter the pirates.
 Allow them to gain experience and be a better fighting
force against pirates. Right now, they are just taking theory
lessons in classrooms which are not adequate.
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Military Aid)
• Training Somali’s navy forces will be a much
wiser thing to do instead of deploying warships
to patrol the area.
 Cases of piracy did not go down and there were cases of
military boats being attacked by pirates. Humiliation for the
country.
 Warships from foreign countries cannot patrol the area forever,
but instead this job should be left to the Somali navy forces, so
training them will be the right thing to do.
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Education)
• Right now, Somali is still considered a third
world nation due to its low GDP. In order to
remove piracy completely like in developed
nations, there must be education to educate its
people.
 Will serve to create a strong economy in the future
 Train young people with talents to be future leaders of Somali,
leading it to greater heights, and achieving political stability.
 Once political and economic stability is achieved, less people will
turn to piracy and government can start cracking down on piracy.
 Navy forces can also be trained to counter piracy.
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Military support & Convoys)
• Restoration of the National Coast Guard
– National Coast Guard will be trained during patrol and
combat operations in efforts to curb piracy
• Arming non-military ships against piracy
• Each ship receive a small detachment of Marines for the
journey through the area
• Mount ships with remote-controlled weapons (high tech)
• Multinational naval forces should lead convoys through the
pirate waters and provide protection to the ships
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Education)
• If we strengthen our naval efforts to stop the
piracy, we may weaken the pirates’ economic and
military position relative to Somalia’s, tipping the
balance in Somalia’s favor
Providing Aid to Somalia Government
(Utilising raw materials)
• Large amounts of natural gas, iron ore, copper, salt, tin,
gypsum, bauxite, oil
• Developing Somalia's economy
– Attract investors to Somalia
– Increases employment rate in Somalia
– Deter piracy
Bibliography
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piracy_in_Somalia
http://countrystudies.us/somalia/79.htm
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/20/piracy-somalia-yemen-oil-instability
http://towardfreedom.com/home/content/view/1567/1/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/africa/
http://countrystudies.us/somalia/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/nov/20/piracy-somalia-yemen-oil-instability
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_Treaty_Organisation#NATO_Council
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#Foreign_relations_and_armed_forces
http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/uk+pledges+so
malia+aid+amid+terror+threat/3573957
http://positiveimpactinstitute.com/kingcenter/the-somalia-solution/
http://yachtpals.com/somalia-pirates-4145
Bibliography
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom#Economy
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia
•http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/travel-and-living-abroad/travel-advice-bycountry/country-profile/sub-saharan-africa/somalia?profile=intRelations&pg=4
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Somalia
•http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/politics/international_politics/uk+pledges+
somalia+aid+amid+terror+threat/3573957
•http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072592.stm
•http://insidesomalia.org/200907281695/News/Editorial/Lord-Malloch-Brown-warnsUK-on-Somalia.html
•http://insidesomalia.org/201005273069/News/Human-Rights/British-hostages-heldin-Somalia-appeal-to-new-UK-government.html
•http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2863.htm