Transcript Conflicts+along+Religious+Borders.ppsx - Culture--per7

Chapter 7 Key Question 4
Judea, home of the Jews in ancient times,
was conquered by the Romans and renamed
Palestine. a thousand years. The Zionist
movement arose to restore the Jews to
Israel, largely ignoring the existing Arab
population. Palestine was granted to Britain
as a League of Nations mandate to build a
national home for the Jewish people. The
Arabs resented the Jews coming in to take
their land. The Jews won and created many
states and Palestinian refugees. Today, they
both blame each other.
The Horn of Africa is one of the most complex and
conflicted regions of the world. Each of the
countries of the Horn—Somalia, Ethiopia,
Eritrea, Djibouti and Sudan—suffers from
protracted political strife, arising from local and
national grievance, identity politics and regional
inter-state rivalries. For 150 years, the Horn has
also been a theater for strategic power
struggles—the British Empire’s demand to control
the Red Sea, Egypt’s attempt to control the Nile
Waters, the Cold War confrontation in which
each of the principal countries of the Horn
switched sides at crucial junctures, and most
recently the U.S. Administration’s “Global War
on Terror.”
The rise of the Union of Islamic Courts in Somalia, the
Ethiopian invasion to install the President Abdullahi
Yousif in power, and the U.S. bombing raids aimed at
suspected al Qa’ida members have again highlighted
the turbulence of the Horn. The resurgent conflict in
Somalia comes against the backdrop of a successful
exercise in locally-driven reconstruction in
Somaliland (north-west Somalia), an unresolved war
between Ethiopia and Eritrea, internal political crises
in both countries, and a host of active, latent and
imminent conflicts in Sudan. Meanwhile, African
institutions—notably the African Union,
headquartered in Addis Ababa—are struggling to
establish new principles and an architecture for
regional peace and security.
Ethnicity: between Serbs, of Slavic origin, and
ethnic Albanians who are Illyrian in origin.
Bullet Religion: between Serbs, who are almost
entirely followers of the Serbian Orthodox
Church, and non-Serbs, who are
overwhelmingly followers of Islam, and
Roman Catholicism. There is also a minority
of ethnic Albanians who follow the Albanian
Orthodox Church. However, there would be
no significant friction, on religious grounds,
between Albanian and Serbian Orthodoxy.
 The
history of Northern Ireland can be traced
back to the 17th century, when the English
finally succeeded in subduing the island after
successfully putting down a number of
rebellions. Much land, especially in the
north, was subsequently colonized by
Scottish and English Protestants, setting
Ulster somewhat apart from the rest of
Ireland, which was predominantly Catholic.
During the 1800s the north and south grew
further apart due to economic differences. In
the north the standard of living rose as
industry and manufacturing flourished, while
in the south the unequal distribution of land
and resources—Anglican Protestants owned
most of the land—resulted in a low standard
of living for the large Catholic population.
Political separation of Northern Ireland from
the rest of Ireland did not come until the
early 20th century, when Protestants and
Catholics divided into two warring camps
over the issue of Irish home rule. Most Irish
Catholics desired complete independence
from Britain, but Irish Protestants feared
living in a country ruled by a Catholic
majority.