Transcript Sahel - wongwhs

UN background
• http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/b
524a08e-a487-43f3-926a-1a4e87be657a/theunited-nations-lesson-plan-gt/
• Members: http://www.un.org/en/members/
Warm-up: Wednesday
Safari Through Africa!
Safari Through Africa!
You will need to
label the places
on the map
provided
1.
Suez Canal
Sinai Peninsula
Suez Canal
• A man-made waterway that
connects Mediterranean
Sea and the Red Sea
• 101 miles long
• It takes 11-16 hours to pass
through the canal as ships
must travel at low speeds
Suez Canal
• The canal was an important
trade link between Europe
and Britain’s colony of
India
• Greatly reduces travel time
by allowing ships to avoid
going around Africa
• It is a shortcut for trade
between Asia and Europe.
• It is an important part of
global trading and is used
by many nations
2
Sahel
• Shade and label
the Sahel on
your map
Sahel
• Arabic word for “border”
• A transition zone between
the dry Sahara desert and
wet savannas
• Has a semiarid climate
• Droughts are common and
lead to famine
Issues in the Sahel
• Most people are subsistence farmers or
nomadic herders
– Cut trees for firewood
– Clear land for farming
– Allow animals to eat grass
Issues in the Sahel
• Growing population and droughts have caused
desertification (spreading of desert conditions)—
The Sahara Desert is growing!
3
Horn of Africa
• Circle and
label the
Horn of
Africa on
your map
Horn of Africa
• Extension of land that
protrudes from the
eastern edge of the
continent of Africa,
lying between the
Indian Ocean to the
east and the Gulf of
Aden to the north
Horn of Africa
• Much of the area is
semiarid to arid.
• Despite difficult living
conditions in many
parts of the region,
recent estimates put
the population of the
region at about 90.2
million.
Horn of Africa
• What major issue occurs off the coast of the
Horn of Africa?
Piracy
• Piracy off the
Somali coast has
threatened
international
shipping since
the early 1990s.
Piracy off the Horn of Africa:
A Global Issue
Somalia
• Life Expectancy: 51
• GDP per Capita: U.S. $600
• Literacy Rate: 38 %
• Somalia is an unstable country that has
experienced violence and civil war since 1991
• Somalia suffers from severe drought and its
people face hunger and violence on a daily
basis.
Terrorist group in Somalia:
Al Shabab
• Islamist militant group linked to al-Qaeda
• In 60 secs: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-27892523
Terrorist group in Somalia:
Al Shabab
• How does U.S. deal with
it? Drone strikes and
special operations raids
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2015/03/19/drone-westgate-mall-attackgarar/25001451/
March 27, 2015 – suicide bomb in Somalia
April 1, 2015 – Kenya university siege
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tv4a72zaqO8
September 2013 – Kenya mall siege
4
Serengeti
Serengeti
Serengeti National Park
Serengeti
• Located in Tanzania, the Serengeti is a National
Park
• It lies between Lake Victoria in the west and the
Great Rift Valley to the east
• It offers the most complex and least disturbed
ecosystem on earth
• Climate is tropical wet
and dry—during the dry
seasons, animals must
migrate in search of
water
Issues of the Serengeti
• The Serengeti houses an annual wildebeest
migration as well as numerous other animals
Issues in the
Serengeti
The Tanzanian
government had
outlined plans to
build a route through
northern parts of the
Serengeti as part of a
larger road
development project
to link eastern
regions of the African
country with Lake
Victoria
• One side feels that the road will bring
economic growth to the area
• The other side feels that the road will have a
negative effect on the ecosystem and allow
poachers easier access to animals
Warm-up: Thursday
• What happened to Kony?
5
Great Rift Valley
• One of the most extensive rifts on the Earth’s
surface, extending from Jordan southward
through eastern Africa to Mozambique .
• 4,000 miles long and averages 30–40 miles wide
Issues in the Great Rift Valley
• Armed conflict continues in the resource-rich
Democratic Republic of the Congo
• The ongoing tensions still pit ethnic groups against
each other
• Underlying the fighting are grievances over scarce land
and conflict over mineral profits
6
Madagascar
Madagascar
• Madagascar lies in the Indian Ocean off the southeast
coast of Africa
• The world's fourth-largest island, it is twice the size of
Arizona
Henkel's Leaf-tailed Gecko
•Madagascar is known for its
biodiversity, or many different
types of plants and animals
•80% of the species in
Madagascar live nowhere else
on Earth
Issues of Madagascar
Nickel mining pipline
Environment vs. Economy
• The once densely wooded interior has largely
been cut down.
• Although they committed to conserving 10%
of the land for conservation, today’s leaders
are more interested in supporting mining.
For Sale: Four-monthold ring-tailed lemur,
$50 or best offer. The
owner poached the
primate in a forest on
the west coast.
Hunters are
increasingly catching
lemurs, many of them
endangered, to cash in
on the illegal pet trade
or sell to restaurants
like the one pictured
here serving bushmeat stew
7
Niger Delta
• Nigeria is one of the world's major oil
producers, but the oil-producing Niger Delta
region remains one of the country's poorest
and least developed regions.
Niger Delta
• Despite the area's oil wealth, the community has
little to show for it and the residents want Shell to
provide electricity, water and schools.
Shell has four flow stations and two oil rig
in the Delta region
Nigeria
• Democratic elections were held just last week!
• New President Muhammadu Buhari
Nigeria
• Boko Haram
• http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa13809501
END
• Desertification: Spreading of desert conditions
• Sahel: A region of semiarid climate below the
Sahara Desert
• Biodiversity: The level of variety of plants and
animals
Africa articles
• Angola: http://www.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-32067602
• Child soldiers: http://m.bbc.com/news/worldafrica-31681302
• Kenya slum makeover:
http://m.bbc.com/news/world-africa31540911
• People pushed out of farmland:
http://m.bbc.com/news/magazine-30623571
• Virunga: http://m.bbc.com/news/magazine-
Kony
• http://www.theguardian.com/globaldevelopment/2015/jan/07/surrender-aidejoseph-kony-blow-lords-resistance-army
• http://news.yahoo.com/kony-hunt-us-usespop-music-court-defectors-173522058--abcnews-topstories.html
Extra slides
How do the Pirates seize the ships?
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How do the pirates seize the ships?
The pirates are very good at what they do.
They run sophisticated operations using the latest hi-tech equipment such as
satellite phones and GPS.
They are also heavily armed with rocket-propelled grenades and AK-47s. The
pirates are known to receive tip-offs from contacts at ports in the Gulf of Aden.
They use speedboats with very powerful outboard motors to approach their
target. Sometimes the speedboats are launched from much larger "mother ships"
on the high seas.
To actually hijack the ships, the pirates first use grappling hooks and irons - some
of which are even rocket-propelled - and climb aboard using ropes and ladders.
The pirates have also on occasion fired at the ships to scare them into stopping, so
it is easier for them to board the vessel.
The pirates then sail the hijacked ship to the Somali pirate hub town, Eyl. There,
pirates usually take the hostages ashore where they are normally well-looked after
until a ransom is paid.
This isolated island is home to many unique
animals:
• Lemurs are found only on Madagascar
• Madagascar hissing cockroaches
• Over 300 species of frogs, many
chameleons, lizards, and over 250 species
of birds
Extinct animals/missing animals
• There are only Hippos as far as large animals• Elephant birds (Aepyornis maximus) were
enormous flightless birds whose eggs weighed
about 20 pounds; these birds were killed off by
egg-eating cats and dogs that were brought to
Madagascar by humans. Other recently-extinct
animals are many species of lemurs, giant
tortoises, and the giant aye-aye.