Transcript Workshop 1.3 Core-Periphery Challenges

ESPON Internal Seminar 2012
“Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its
Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness”
Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3
Core-Periphery Challenges
Structure of Workshop Session
•
Introduction
•
Presentation of Project Results I
•
Main territorial trends or observations in relation to “territorial imbalances, regional
disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency”
•
Influence of developments in Europe´s neighborhood on the territorial development
in Europe and vice-versa
•
Opportunities and challenges for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing
competitiveness through further cooperation and integration
•
Coffee/Tea Break
•
Presentation of Project Results II
•
Policy Statement
•
Plenary Discussion
•
Concluding Statement
2
Stimulus map
Countries´s profiles for trade exports, 1967-2006
• At the end of the 1960’s, the world was
characterised by a clear distinction between a small
number of countries with high technology (USA,
Northwest Europe, Japan) and a countries
characterized by export of primary products.
• By the beginning of the 21st century, there was a
growing difference between the group of countries
that export energy or mineral resources and the
industrialised countries.
• In Europe the EU has integrated new Member
States into its economy: it has become stronger
itself instead of seeing neighbours developing into
new global players.
• At the same time, there are growing international
players in the neighbourhood of the EU, notably
Russia, Turkey, Tunisia, and Morocco.
3
Workshop 1.3 – key questions for ESPON projects
1.
What are the main territorial trends or observations from the project - for Europe,
its regions and cities - in relation to “territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, resources efficiency”?
2.
How do developments in Europe´s neighborhood influence the territorial
development in Europe and vice-versa?
3.
What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its neighbourhood for
increasing competitiveness through further cooperation and integration?
4
1. What are the main territorial trends or observations from the
project - for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities, polycentric
development, resources efficiency”?
5
ESPON Internal Seminar 2012
“Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its
Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness”
Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3
Core-Periphery Challenges
GEOSPECS Experiences
Geographic Specificities and Development Potentials in Europe
GEOSPECS categories
Development opportunities and challenges
in specific types of territories:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mountain areas,
Islands,
Sparsely populated areas,
Outermost regions,
Border regions,
Coastal areas,
Inner peripheries.
GEOSPECS categories
7
GEOSPECS categories
8
GEOSPECS
9
GEOSPECS
10
GEOSPECS
11
GEOSPECS
12
ESPON Internal Seminar 2012
“Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its
Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness”
Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3
Core-Periphery Challenges
GREECO Experiences
Regional Potential for a Greener Economy
GREECO
Main territorial trends in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, and resources
efficiency”?
1.
The challenge of ressource accessibility
2.
The challenge of path-dependency
3.
The challenge of Catching up
4.
The challenge of moving in the right
direction
14
GREECO
Main territorial trends in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, and resources
efficiency”?
1.
The challenge of ressource accessibility
2.
The challenge of path-dependency
3.
The challenge of Catching up
4.
The challenge of moving in the right
direction
15
GREECO
Main territorial trends in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, and resources
efficiency”?
1.
The challenge of ressource accessibility
2.
The challenge of path-dependency
3.
The challenge of Catching up
4.
The challenge of moving in the right
direction
16
GREECO
Main territorial trends in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, and resources
efficiency”?
1.
The challenge of ressource accessibility
2.
The challenge of path-dependency
3.
The challenge of Catching up
4.
The challenge of moving in the right
direction
Delinking energy consumption from
employment growth in Europe.
17
GREECO
Main territorial trends in relation to
“territorial imbalances, regional disparities,
polycentric development, and resources
efficiency”?
1.
The challenge of ressource accessibility
2.
The challenge of path-dependency
3.
The challenge of Catching up
4.
The challenge of moving in the right
direction
Delinking energy consumption from
employment growth in Europe.
18
ESPON Internal Seminar 2012
“Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its
Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness”
Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3
Core-Periphery Challenges
SIESTA Experiences
Spatial Indicators for a Europe 2020 Strategy Territorial Analysis
SIESTA (1-1)
•
What is the EU2020S?
•
What are the headline targets?
•
What is the aggregate index?
20
SIESTA (1-2)
•
•
Why cluster analysis in
SIESTA?
The ‘two blocks’: implications in
terms of territorial imbalances in
the EU
1.5
1
0.5
0
-0.5
-1
-1.5
Tertiary educated 30-34
Employment 20-64
GERD
Early leavers 18-24
GDP per capita in pps
21
ESPON Internal Seminar 2012
“Territorial Development Opportunities in Europe and its
Neighbourhood Fostering Global Competitiveness”
Parallel Workshop Session: Workshop 1.3
Core-Periphery Challenges
BSR-TeMo Experiences
Territorial Monitoring for the Baltic Sea Region
BSR-TeMo
1.
What are the main territorial trends or observations from your project for Europe, its regions and cities - in relation to “territorial imbalances,
regional disparities, polycentric development, resources efficiency”?
• Since we don’t have any results yet I include the geographical coverage and
suggestion of indicators – to show what trends we intend to measure (and
where).
• For the Baltic See Region, we know that the 3 divides (North-South, East-West,
Urban-rural) are quite important and we hope to assess to what extent these
impact on the development of the macro region. We will also asses the
disparities within the BSR and asses trends in “territorial development/cohesion”.
• We will also focus on disparities across boarders to Russia and Belarus and look
at differences within the group of boarder regions.
23
BSR-TeMo - Coverage and scale
NUTS2
Country
NUTS3
118
(130)
Belarus
Oblasts
7
Rayons (sNUTS4)
Denmark
Regioner
5
Landsdeler
11
Estonia
Country
1
Groups of Maakond
5
Finland
Storomraden
5
Landskap
20
Germany
Regierungsbezirke
8
66
Latvia
Country
1
Kreise / kreisfreie
Städte
Regioni
Lithuania
Country
1
Apskritys
10
Norway
Regions
7
Fylker
19
Poland
Województwa
16
Podregiony
66
Russia
Oblasts
7
Rayons (sNUTS4)
123
Sweden
Riksomraden
8
Län
21
6
Domains
Baltic raster /
Normative
aspect of
domain
1. Economic performance and competitiveness
2. Access to services markets and jobs
3. Innovative territories
Place based Economic development. Development of territorial
assets/territorial capital. Context indicators
Balancing territorial development, diminishing territorial divides
or alleviating their consequences. Maintaining at least the
existing polycentricity level of the settlement structure. Ensuring
accessibility, connectivity and parity of access to transport and ICT
infrastructure, development of TEN-T.
Ensuring high quality of urban nodes, and their networking with
focus on diffusion of innovation and enhancement of knowledgebased development. Emergence and development of regional
clusters of competition and innovation.
Macroeconomic development
GDP/capita
Accessibility
Access to main and secondary cities and towns
GDP/person employed
Accessibility potential by road
Human capital endowments
Population with tertiary education (25-64 years)
Employment in technology and knowledge-intensive sectors
(manufacturing and services)
Total GVA per economic branch (primary, manufacturing,
services)
Total employment per economic branch (primary,
SUB-DOMAINS
manufacturing, services)
AND
Labour market
INDICATORS
Unemployment rate, total
Employment rate (20-64 years)
Demography
Net migration rate
Total population change
Demographic dependency ratio(s)
Economic dependency ratio(s)
Domains
Baltic raster /
Normative
aspect of
domain
Accessibility potential by rail
Accessibility potential by air
Access to (IC) train stations
Multi-modal accessibility
Households with access to internet at home
Territorial functionality
Population potential within 50km
Gender imbalances (ratio of male-female aged 25-39)
Functional areas (nr overlapping at one municipality)
Border crossings
Financial and institutional endowments
Gross domestic expenditure on R&D
(private and non-private sector)
Patent applications filed to the EPO
4. Social inclusion and Quality of life
5. Environmental qualities
6. Territorial cooperation and governance
Brought forward on the VASAB-TPG workshop in Potsdam, as
result of present economic, financial and social crisis in Europe
Wise use of the sea space. Eco-resilience: i.e. green networks,
ecological corridors and preservation of areas of high ecological
value. Development of renewable energy resources (also on the
sea) and the BSR transmission grid.
Territorially-oriented governance (incl. vertical and horizontal
integration of policies).
Soil sealing (change over time)
Air pollution (nr of days PM10 exceeds norm value)
Land consumption by transport (% of total area)
Eutrophication (Helcom HEAT index)
Fragmentation index
Regional partnership
Cooperation project intensity (nr of projects/region)
Cooperation degree (nr of project partners/region)
Social inclusion
At-risk-of-poverty rate
SUB-DOMAINS Severe material deprivation rate
AND
Youth unemployment rate (15-24 years)
INDICATORS Health
Life expectancy at birth in years
Self-assessed general health status
2. How do developments in Europe´s neighborhood influence the
territorial development in Europe and vice-versa?
26
GEOSPECS - Neighbourhood: borders of Europe
Birth mortality:
Stronger gradients
along external borders
27
GEOSPECS - Neighbourhood: borders of Europe
Employment rates:
More complex picture
28
GEOSPECS - Neighbourhood of Outermost regions
29
GEOSPECS - Neighbourhood of Outermost regions
GDP per capita current US$ (2009)
Guyana Shield zone
66% of exports
go to the European Union
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
 Limited trade relations with
neighbouring countries
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
30
GEOSPECS - Neighbourhood of Outermost regions
GDP per capita current US$ (2009)
Indian Ocean area
45,000
GDP is over 5 times higher
than in the most developed
neighbouring countries
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
10,000
5,000
0
31
GREECO
2. The influence of Europe´s neighborhood on the territorial development in Europe
1. Conflict of interests
2. Demographic challenges
32
SIESTA (2)
•
Based on available data at the regional scale for those non-EU countries
that have been analysed by SIESTA, the ‘North-South’ EU2020S-gap
persists, and even widens, when the neighbourhood countries are
considered
•
In general, the neighbourhood policy has been focused on economic issues,
with a limited consideration of environmental and social agendas. The
EU2020S as a possible framework of reference in neighbourhood action?
33
BSR-TeMo
2. How do developments in Europe´s neighbourhood influence the
territorial development in Europe and vice-versa?
•
Obviously economic development, social situation, infrastructure, environmental
development, for Russia and Belarus, will impact not only neighboring regions but the
entire Europe.
•
However, the immediate impacts are of higher importance for the BSR since the position
(geographically as well as traditionally) as ‘gateway’ region to Russia is a huge potential.
•
This includes access to markets (imports as well as exports), transboundary environmental
problems and crime, better boarder infrastructure for business and tourism. Migrations is
also important (in-migration into Europe, and where migration flows go to). Also the
question of new transport infrastructures or new communication and cooperation channels
need to be established (for instance, towards St. Petersburg).
34
3. What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its
neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further
cooperation and integration?
35
GREECO
3. Opportunities and challenges for Europe and its neighbourhood for increasing
competitiveness through further cooperation and integration
1.
Integrating different components of Green
Growth
2.
Interacting across borders
3.
Specializing
36
SIESTA (3)
•
•
•
A comprehensive development of the EU2020S
Measuring progress and delivering policies at the national scale covering all
the issues, thus avoiding the persistent omission of inclusive growth
Regional strategies for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth
Inclusive
Growth
Smart
Growth
EU
2020S
Sustainable
Growth
37
BSR-TeMo
3.
What opportunities and challenges exists for Europe and its
neighbourhood for increasing competitiveness through further
cooperation and integration?
•
The existence of the BSR macro region is in itself an opportunity for development based on
further integration (e.g. labour markets) and coordination in this region.
•
Challenges include reducing “red rape” in simplifying business across the
EU/Russian/Belarusian territories and boarder crossings. There are already some
cooperation going on to simplify the interaction across boarder regions in particular the
Baltic countries and Finland.
•
VASAB is an opportunity in itself in that it is a platform for cooperation with Russia and
Belarus, it is cooperation at ministerial level which adds weight to the network. Also the fact
that they can agree on a common strategy for the BSR shows that it is a grounding basis
for future work. Our project adds to understanding the integration in the region as we intend
to monitor the entire BSR including these countries as well.
38
Stimulus map
Countries´s profiles for trade exports, 1967-2006
39