Transcript The Republic of China (Taiwan)

Taiwan ROC & Hong Kong
Postwar History
Republic of China 1912 First republic in Asia
First president: Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925)
Chiang Kai-shek
First constitutional president
1948 - 1975
Defeated by CCP in 1949
Retreated to Taiwan
Authoritarian rule for a
quarter century
ROC Government
President (4-year term after 1996)
The Five ``Yuan”:
Executive Yuan
Legislative Yuan
Judicial Yuan
Examination Yuan
Control Yuan
Provinces
Taiwan before 1949
Immigration from mainland China for
centuries (Fujian and Hakka)
1885, promoted from prefecture to
province
1895, ceded to Japan
1945, returned to Republic of China
``Taiwanese” versus ``mainlanders”
Taiwan & Islands
Area: 13,900 square miles
Population:
22.7 million
Fujian 70%
Hakka 15%
“mainlanders”
13%
Comparison
area
mainland: 9,600,000 km2
Taiwan: 36,000 km2
population
mainland: 1.3 billion
Taiwan: 22.7 million
Comparison
nominal GDP of 2002
mainland: 1,237 billion US$
Taiwan: 286 billion US$
trade volume of 2002
mainland: 621 billion US$
Taiwan: 243 billion US$
Time-lagged development
Land reform in Taiwan (1950s) and in
mainland (1970s)
economic takeoff in Taiwan (1950s- ) and
in mainland (1980s- )
export promotion policies
tariff rebates (1950s vs. 1980s)
special economic zones (1960s vs. 1980s)
Time-lagged development
Promotion of small and medium size
enterprises in Taiwan (1960s- ) and in
mainland (1980s- )
currency exchange rate
1960s vs. 1990s
Popular elections at the basic level
Taiwan & Mainland's Annual Export Growth Rate
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Chiang’s One-China Policy
``Mainland was temporarily usurped by
communist bandits”
``Gloriously retake the mainland”
Refused diplomatic relations with any
country that recognized PRC
ROC was a permanent member of UN
Security Council until 1971
Lee Teng-hui (1923 - )
Succeeded Chiang Kai-shek’s son as
president of ROC and chairman
of GMD in 1988
Became the first popularly
elected president of ROC in 1996
Helped Democratic Progressive
Party gain power in 2000
Chen Shui-bian (1950 - )
Leader of the Democratic
Progressive Party
Inauguration in 2000
Taiwan's Economic Growth Rate
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Taiwan's Unemployment Rate
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Taiwan's Export to Mainland (billion US$)
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
Taiwan's Investment on Mainland (million US$)
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
Hong Kong
Land & People
422 square miles
Hong Kong Island
Kowloon
Peninsular
New Territories
Outlying islands
7 million residents
95% Chinese
Brief History
HK Island was occupied by UK in 1841
New Territories on 99-year lease in 1898
Occupied by Japan during World War II
Shanghai enterprises fled CCP forces in
late 1940s (industrialization of HK)
One of the four ``Asian Little Tigers”
Export & GDP 1960 - 1999
Handover to PRC
Deng Xiaoping: “1 country, 2 systems”
PRC Constitution of 1982: S.A.R.
PRC & UK Joint Declaration in 1984
7th National People’s Congress adopted
Basic Law of HKSAR in Beijing in 1990
Became Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region of PRC in July 1, 1997
``1 Country, 2 Systems”
Capitalist system and way of life shall
remain unchanged for 50 years (B.L. A5)
HKSAR enjoys executive, legislative, and
independent judicial power, including that
of final adjudication (B.L. A2)
PRC Central Government responsible for
defense and foreign affairs (B.L. A13-14)