Transcript Southern europe & the balkans chapter 16!!

Southern Europe &
the Balkans
chapter 16!!
I. The Iberian Peninsula
A. Spain: History & Govt.
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Moors (700s)
Ferdinand & Isabella
Granada (1492)
Christopher Columbus
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Spanish Empire?
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Did not industrialize like others
Civil War (1936-1939)
Francisco Franco (1939 – 1975)
Constitutional monarchy (1978)
Autonomy =
self-govt.
B. Spain: People & Culture
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Religion?
Languages?
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Castilian Spanish (75%)
The Basque (ETA-socialist group = wants independence from Spain)
Islamic features (sequent occupance!)
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Place names & architecture
Madrid = Medshrid
Arabesque &
calligraphy
C. Portugal
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Moors?
Portuguese Empire?
D. Economy of Portugal
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Capital?
Tourism?
Cork?
Wine
II. The Italian Peninsula
A. History
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Roman Empire (509 BCE-476 CE)
Home of the Church (Vatican City)
Dark Ages (476 -1300)
Black Plague (1347-1351) (1/3 of pop)
 Italian trade w/the East?
Renaissance Prd (1300-1600)
 Northern Italy
United in 1861
Mussolini (WWII)
 Govt. today?
Microstates?
 San Marino
 Vatican City
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Modern Euro. languages developed as a result
of Latin (West) and Greek (East) mixing with
Germanic tribes
Italian-Muslim Trade (Middle Ages)
Italians = middle men betw. East & West = $$
Portuguese & Spanish Trade Routes
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Goal: discover an all-water route to Asia in
order to eliminate the middle men! = more $$
B. Italy Today
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GDP?
Products of Italy?
North vs. South?
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Mezzogiorno
“breadbasket”?
Aging population?
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TFR = 1.4
BR = 8, DR = 11
Italy’s Aging Population
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TFR = 1.4 (Natural Replacement Rate = 2.1)
 Contraception, later marriage, childcare is expensive or
non-existent, & less support from men at home
Will hurt economy?
 Old people do not spend $ on clothes or vacations
 Smaller labor force = less productive = lower GDP
 Increased healthcare costs & pensions
Govt. incentives
 $1,500/child (some towns offer up to an extra $15,000)
What other Euro countries have done to combat pop decline
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France (TFR = 2.08):
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Moms = 16 wks. paid maternity leave for first two kids,
then 26 wks. for third
Childcare is subsidized by the govt.
$1,300 grant/mo to moms starting 7th month of
pregnancy
Families get train (subway) & tax breaks
Sweden (TFR = 1.85):
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Moms & Dads = 18 months paid leave
Childcare is subsidized by the govt.
III. Greece & the Balkan Peninsula
A. Greece
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Crete?
Mount Olympus (9,570 ft.)
History of Greece
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City-states?
Contributions (government?)
Independence (1829)
Post WWII?
1974 = democracy
Economy, Issues, & Challenges
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Joined E.U. (1981)
Capital & largest city?
B. The Western Balkans
“The Power Keg of Europe”
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Former Yugoslavia
 Ethnic enclaves?
 Bosnia & Herzegovina (Muslim)
 Croatia (Roman Catholic)
 Macedonia (Eastern Orthodox Christians)
 Slovenia (Catholic)
 Serbia (Eastern Orthodox Christians)
 Ethnic diversity has led to violence & unrest!
Montenegro (2006)
Kosovo (2008)
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Yugoslavia
 Why so diverse?
 Balkan Peninsula was a Cultural Crossroads
 Africa, Europe, & Asia
 Roman Empire – Catholicism
 Byzantine Empire – Eastern Orthodox Christianity
 Ottoman Empire – Islam
Balkanization
 To divide (a region or territory) into small, often hostile units
History
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Ottoman Turks (late 1300s)
Yugoslavia (WWI)
Soviet Union (WWII)
Josip Broz Tito (dictator)
1991?
Civil Wars?