Transcript Ch. 3&4 - Ms. McManamy`s Class

Ch. 3 & 4
1. Study of demography, language, religion, customs,
political systems, economic systems, and culture
2. Culture: beliefs and actions that define a group of
people’s way of life
SOCIETY: A CULTURAL GROUP
THAT SHARES A GEOGRAPHIC
REGION
ETHNIC GROUP: SPECIFIC
GROUP THAT SHARES LANGUAGE,
CUSTOMS, & COMMON HERITAGE
Earth’s population is 6.7 billion
2. Population Density varies however (avg # of ppl per sq. mile)
3. Type of land determines where and how ppl live
4. When a piece of land reaches its carrying capacity, then the
land can no longer support any additional organisms
1.
BIRTHRATE: # OF LIVE
BIRTHS EA. YR PER 1000 PPL
MORTALITY-RATE: # OF
DEATHS EA. YR PER 1000 PPL
FERTILITY RATE: AVG. # OF
KIDS A WOMAN HAS DURING HER
CHILDBEARING YRS (15-45)
INFANT MORTALITY-RATE: #
OF DEATHS OF KIDS <1 YR/
1000 LIVE BIRTHS
This is the population growth rate. All populations have a
typical population increase pattern. This diagram shows that
pattern.
This is a graphic device that shows sex and age distribution
of a population. Used to see what type of country it is
economically.
Push Factors are those reasons why someone would leave their
homeland and migrate to another country. Pull Factors are the reasons
why that particular country seems appealing.
IMMIGRATION (PPL WHO MOVE INTO A COUNTRY) +
BIRTHRATES = EMIGRATION (PPL WHO MOVE OUT OF A
COUNTRY) + DEATH-RATES
URBANIZATION: THE GROWTH
OF CITIES, URBAN GEOGRAPHY
– STUDY OF HOW PPL USE SPACE IN
CITIES
RURAL: COUNTRYSIDE
SUBURBS: BUILT UP AREA
AROUND CITIES
METROPOLITAN AREA: CITY,
SUBURBS, & THEIR LINKS
Residential: where ppl live
2. Industrial: used for manufacturing
3. Commercial: used for private business
Central Business District: core of the city, businesses, housing,
museums, etc
1.
4.
1.
Cultural Hearth: where major trait of human culture developed
(Mesopotamia)
2. Language: reflects cultural identity, dialects
3. Religion: supports a culture’s values
4. Technology: availability and impact
5. Social Organization: social class
6. Women & Minorities: often treated as 2nd class citizens
Innovations: taking existing technology and resources and
creating something new
Diffusion: spread of ideas, inventions, or patterns of behavior
3. Acculturation: society changes b/c it accepts of adopts an
innovation
1.
2.
Monotheistic – belief in one god
2. Polytheistic – belief in many gods
Animistic – traditional, belief in divine forces of nature
1.
3.
When cultures come together through
diffusion. Natural blending of cultures.
Repressive governments often try to restrict cultural
diffusion and so they limit free speech, free press, free
assembly, what someone can read or watch on TV or the
internet
TRADITIONAL ECONOMY:
SUBSISTENCE ECONOMIES,
LITTLE SURPLUS, COTTAGE
INDUSTRIES
COMMAND ECONOMY:
ECONOMIC DECISIONS ARE
MADE BY THE GOVT.
(COMMUNISM)
MARKET ECONOMY: FREE
ENTERPRISE, CAPITALISM, LAWS
OF SUPPLY & DEMAND, GOVT.
REGULATIONS
MIXED ECONOMY: SOCIALISM,
GOVT. OWNS SOME BUSINESS
WHILE PRIVATE INDV. OWN THE
REST
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT
(GNP): TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS &
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
(GDP): TOTAL VALUE OF ALL GOODS &
SERVICES PRODUCED BY A COUNTRY IN 1
YR
SERVICES PRODUCED WITHIN A COUNTRY
IN 1 YR
These are materials in the environment that humans
use. They can be renewable or non-renewable
EXAMPLE: SOIL
EXAMPLE: WATER
FOSSIL FUELS: COAL, OIL, NATURAL
GAS FORMED FROM PLANT AND ANIMAL
REMAINS
MINERALS SUCH AS GOLD,
SILVER, TIN, COPPER
NUCLEAR ENERGY: PRODUCED
WATER POWER: FALLING WATER TO
BY FISSION, NEEDS URANIUM (LIMITED),
CONCERNS OVER RADIOACTIVE WASTE
GENERATE ELECTRICITY, INCLUDES
OCEAN TIDES
WIND POWER: WIND BLOWS
GEOTHERMAL ENERGY: HEAT
TURNING TURBINES & PRODUCE
ELECTRICITY
FROM THE EARTH IS USED FOR
ELECTRICITY
Energy produced by the sun, also used for electricity,
nonrenewable b/c the sun will eventually burn out in about 5
billion years
Water is renewable, but limited
2. 460 million ppl live in water-stressed countries
Drought- US donates $532.6 million in food aid for drought stricken
countries
4. Irrigation is the biggest consumer of water
5. Pollution is another major issue
1.
3.
Activities that rely directly upon natural resources
Ex. Mining, herding, hunting, gathering, fishing, forestry
3. Farming: subsistence farming & commercial farming
1.
2.
1.
When ppl use raw materials to produce or manufacture new products of
greater value
2. Ex. Flour, plywood, electrical power
3. Cottage industries – subsistence economies
4. Commercial Industries: clothing, cars, appliances, machinery
Activities that serves others
Ex. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, judges, hairstylists, mechanics,
restaurants, bankers, insurance companies
1.
2.
1.
2.
Activities that focus on the acquisition, processing, & sharing of
information
Ex. Education, government, information processing, and research
EXPORTS: GOODS SENT
OUT OF A COUNTRY
IMPORTS: GOODS BROUGHT
INTO A COUNTRY