Transcript Economics & Environment

Economics &
Environment
Extra Help 
Agriculture
1. How many ppl in sub-Saharan Africa
are involved in farming?
–
Over 2/3, 70%
–
Shifting entails moving every 1-3 yrs
to clear new land (slash & burn) to
make good soil
Sedentary is permanent, but only
where there already is good soil
2. Draw 2 pics comparing & contrasting
shifting farming w/ sedentary
farming.
–
Agriculture
3. How does commercial farming
pose a risky prob. for some
African economies?
–
One bad season (too much rain,
drought) or world depression
(decrease in good’s price) will ruin
entire country’s yearly income
Onion fields in
Mali
Subsistence farmers in
Ghana- palm nuts
Chadian farmers riding
to market. 75% of the
country depends on
subsistent farming
Agriculture
4. How did commercial farming in
Zimbabwe create probs for
subsistence farmers?
–
–
Plantations will have more $ and
power, and be run by descendants
of Europeans  get all good land
Small-scale farmers rebel  halts
large-scale production no $$
Mugabe’s severe land reforms
have prevented necessary
food production famine,
unemployment, inflation have
skyrocketed
R. Mugabe
Agriculture
5. List 2 conservation farming methods
which agriculturists have begun to
practice.
–
–
–
Conservation farming: planting wisely,
plant crops that won’t ruin specific soil
as easily
Better fertilizers and new seed
technology
Use irrigation instead of depending on
rain
Logging & Fishing
6. Name 3 reasons ppl are cutting
down forests? (*1/4 is forest)
–
–
–
Need for farmland (rapid pop.
growth)
Cut wood for fuel and firewood
Logging companies export valuable
wood for national income (small %
of GDP)
Mining Resources
7.
Who is the world’s largest producer of
gold? Where is it?
–
8.
South Africa; in the Witwatersrand (300
miles long)
Which regions are most mineral deposits
located?
–
9.
In the southern portion, & along Atlantic
coast (west) most populated areas
Which countries belongs to OPEC?
–
–
Nigeria & Angola
(Algeria, Libya in North Africa)
Industrialization
10. Why do countries lack industry &
manufacturing?
–
–
–
Most lack basic needs (capital,
infrastructure like bldgs &
equipment, cheap nrg, and trained
workers)
They also have to take out loans
just to start
Many ship raw materials instead
Industrialization
11. In the late 1990s, what percent of this
region’s GDP came from manufacturing?
–
15% (2009- 12.9%)
12. List at least 3 obstacles to
industrialization.
–
–
–
–
Lack of skilled workers (edu. still new)
Untapped H20 power
Political conflicts (resources diverted)
Food is still imported just to feed ppl (focus
diverted)
Transportation & Communication
13. Why is creating & maintaining
trans. systems so difficult?
–
–
–
–
Lots of Δs in terrain (even up
river)
Few natural harbors= few ports
Lack of skilled managers
Wars & lack of $ hinder progress
Transportation & Communication
14. What is the main source of
technological communication?
–
•
•
Radio
TV & phone lines too hard to give to rural
areas or across barriers
Newspapers not good w/ low lit. rates
15. How has e-commerce impacted the
lives of many Africans?
–
•
With use of cyber-cafes, they can
sell their product all over world w/o
foreign company interference
Locals won’t buy their goods
Shadow of Hunger
16. Name 2 countries on the “horn of
Africa”?
–
Land that juts in Indian Ocean,
•
Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti
17. How has the Sahel become
desertified?
–
–
Climate became more arid (major
droughts in 60s & 90s)
Ppl & animals overgrazed/worked
land (no vegetation to hold soil)
The Grand Mosque in Djenne: a
good example of Sahelian sand
architecture, in which support
beams extend outward from the
finished walls so that they might
be continuously repaired.
Shadow of Hunger
18. List 2 ways war impacts hunger?
–
–
–
Halts economic growth
Refugees strain resources on others
Violence can endanger relief workers,
hinder food distribution
19. What 2 factors contribute to
starvation in Sudan?
–
–
Most are subsistence farmers 
affected greatly by drought
Civil war (over a decade) has led to
more refugees, taxes on aid, foreign
aid pulling out
Land Use
20. List 3 problems with land use.
–
Deforestation: 1/2 gone; some countries
have 90% gone
•
–
Creating preserves, using tree farming tech. to
renew
Endangered animals: lose habitats to
deforestation, new farmland, & poaching
Conservation parks: needed to help animals,
but force ppl off land, straining their
resources
–
•
Govn’ts offer ppl part of preserve $$ by working
in parks…ECO-TOURISM profits