Transcript 幻灯片 1

Britain Part
The U.K. Economy
※What do you know about British
economy?
※Do you know any products that are
manufactured in Great Britain?
※Are there any British products that
you can find in the Chinese domestic
market?
I. A relative economic decline
1. U.K.’s economic situation by the 1880s
dominant in the world
※1/3 world’s manufactured goods
※1/2 world’s coal and iron
※1/2 world’s cotton
※the amount of British shipping> the rest
of the world put together
2. U.K.’s economic situation after WWII(1945)
overtaken by Germany and Japan, or even
many smaller economies
3. Reasons for this relative decline
(1) Heavy debt due to war
(2) The lost of its former colonies
(3) Military presence in many overseas
locations
(4) Older factories and equipment
(5) Low domestic investment rate & high
overseas investment rate
Some facts about military cost
• 2008 budget for military action in Iraq and
Afghanistan:
USA: 235.1 billion USD
UK: 3.297 billion Pound
• During Iraq war, UK government had to spend
about 100-200 million pounds per month in Iraq;
• After Iraq war, UK was unable to fuel a war of
similar scale in five years
A list for GDP in 2007
• 1 美国 139800
•
2 日本 52900
3 德国 32800
4 中国 30100
5 英国 25700
20 中国台湾 3980
46280
41480
39710
2280
42430
17520
II. The current U.K. economy
Three main areas: primary industry
secondary industry; tertiary/service industry
1. Primary industry: agriculture, fishing, mining, etc.
(1) Agriculture (farming):
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Farming contributed £5.6 billion to the UK economy in 2006. The total
area of agricultural land in 2006 was 18.7 million hectares, about 77 per
cent of the total land area in the United Kingdom (excluding inland water).
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Farming in Britain has changed a great deal in the last 30 years. Farming
used to employ a great many people in Britain but nowadays, with
machinery, a few people can run a huge farm of thousands of hectares.
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Agriculture provides around 60 per cent of Britain's food needs even
though it employs just 1.4 per cent of the country's labour force. Britain's
agriculture is under pressure to change at the moment. Farmers are
under pressure to adopt more environmentally friendly methods such as
organic farming. Organic farming does not use artificial chemicals that can
damage the environment and human health. Its popularity has grown
rapidly in recent years.
Different types of farming in Britain
• Different types of farming occur in different
regions of Britain. This is due to the influence of
relief, climate (especially precipitation and
temperature), soil type and to an extent
closeness to the market. Upland areas generally
lend themselves to sheep farming. Flat areas to
crop production and wet/warm areas to milk and
beef production.
• Some parts of Britain have excellent soil for crops,
while others are used for cattle, sheep, pigs and
poultry.
In the south-east of
England and the lowlands of
Scotland, grain, potatoes
and sugar beet are grown.
In the north-west of England, Wales
and Scotland, farmers keep cattle and
sheep. Sheep can survive the cold
winters on the hills and moors.
In the east of England
(East Anglia), wheat,
barley and vegetables
grow in enormous
fields.
In the south-west of England, the
rich grass is ideal for feeding dairy
cows.
Types of Farming:
• Arable(种植业) (growing of
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crops and cereals)
The UK is the fourth largest
producer of cereal and oilseed
crops in the EU (after France,
Germany and Poland)
accounting for about 8% of
total EU production.
pastoral (畜牧业)(rearing and
production of animals including
pigs, chickens, hill farming
sheep, beef and dairy cattle)
mixed farming (combination
of arable and pastoral)
horticulture (园
艺)(production of flowers, fruit,
vegetables or ornamental
plants)
market gardening (商品蔬菜
种植业)(production of fruit and
vegetables)
viticulture (葡萄栽培)(grapes).
Principal crops:
Wheat(小麦), (the most widely
grown arable crop in the UK)
Barley(大麦),
0ats(燕麦),
potatoes,
sugar beet, (The UK is the
fifth largest producer of sugar
beet)
vegetables,
oil seed,
fruits.
Livestock products:
poultry,
sheep,
cattle,
milk,
meat,
eggs,
wool.
(2) fishing: 55% of the UK demand for fish
Scottish ports
(3)Energy production: The UK has large coal,
natural gas, and oil reserves; primary energy production
accounts for 10% of GDP, one of the highest shares of
any industrial nation.
3 of the biggest ten companies in Britain
are to be found in the energy sector:
Shell (half Dutch)
British Petroleum (BP)
British Gas
RTZ, the world’s largest mining company
2. Secondary industry (manufacturing
industry)
★pharmaceuticals: GlaxoWellcome (biggest drug
company in the world.注：葛兰素威康（Glaxo Wellcome）
和史克必成（Smith Kline）强强联合,于2000年12月成立英国葛兰素
)
★chemicals: ICI (2nd largest paint company in the
world)
★food and drink: (Scotch whisky)
★aerospace: 3rd in size in the world
※electronics/car industry: foreign owned
Rover
BMW
※motor-racing industry: McClaren and Williams
※British Steel: the world’s 4th largest steel
company
史克公司。
3. Tertiary industry
Financial services: banking, insurance, and business services,
account by far for the largest proportion of GDP.
Tourism: royal culture and museum culture
Retailing:
Advertising:
Could the financial crisis mean you end up
homeless?(from WalletPop UK)
Watching daytime TV isn't something I do very often, but This Morning is on in the
background as I type. There's a woman called Linda Stout Turner being interviewed who
despite having a good job, good skills and looking smart, she found herself homeless.
She lives in a night shelter in London. And apparently this is just the tip of the iceberg.
How did things get so bad? And, how close are you to being out on the street?
Now, it's certainly not the aim of WalletPop to scare everyone into thinking that they'll be
out on the street next week, but how much would it take for you to not be able to pay
your rent? Three months without a job? Three weeks? And even if you did get another
job, could you afford to pay a deposit on a new flat if you were evicted? Losing your
home isn't as unfeasible as it once was and it could happen to anyone.
It's circumstances like this that aren't as uncommon as we think. There are more
and more people becoming homeless, living with friends and in shelters because they've
just had bad luck. The woman This Morning interviewed was actually working and at a
business school in the evenings to improve her skills. Some of her money was stolen and
she couldn't afford her accommodation until payday. She was left with nowhere to live.
There's nothing wrong with Linda. Most people associate homelessness with drug
or alcohol problems, or mental health issues. The fact is, the government are reporting
homeless figures as being down. That's not the case at all, people like Linda Stout-Turner
are termed "willingly homeless" so they don't count in these figures.
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Homeless charity Shelter has seen a 30% increase in people contacting them
for help. When people talk about money issues and worrying about whether or not
they'll be able to pay the rent, most of the time people pull through, get a new job or
change their living circumstances. But is this the only option if you're really down on
your luck? You end up in a homeless shelter?
Hopefully it won't get that bad, but if it does start to look bleak, what can you
do?
Let your bank, your landlord and anyone you owe money to know that you're having
trouble.
Make sure you're claiming the benefits you're entitled to.
Let friends and family know that you're struggling - they'll want to help if they can.
Do what you can to get a job and keep busy, it's easy to get depressed if situations
get bad.
Look for a cheaper place to live.
Don't cross your fingers and simply assume that everything will work out.
Those steps might seem pretty obvious, but if something as simple as losing
£50 can put Linda Stout-Turner on the street, a downward spiral can happen to
anyone. It's not as uncommon as people think it is, and with more people becoming
unemployed, there are more people applying for the jobs you want. Make sure you've
got something in the bank if the worst does happen. It's not a case of having
something for a rainy day, it could mean the difference between you having a bed for
the night in your own home, and sleeping rough.