Transcript VITAMIN LARUT AIR - Keluarga IKMA FKMUA 2010

VITAMIN LARUT
AIR
L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com
Vitamin : zat-zat organik kompleks yang
berfungsi sebagai pengatur metabolime tubuh.
Klasifikasi : Vit larut air dan vit larut lemak
Dibutuhkan dalam jumlah yang sedikit
Vitamin tdk dapat dibentuk oleh tubuh dan
harus diperoleh dari makanan atau suplemen
Vitamins
A
B1
B2
B3
B5
retinol
thiamine
riboflavin
niacin
Pantothenic acid
pyridoxine
B6
pyridoxamine
pyridoxal
B7 Biotin
B9 Folic acid
B12 cobalamin
L/O/G/O
C
ascorbic acid
cholecalciferol
D
tocopherols
E
phytylmenaquinone
K
multiprenylmenaquinone
Choline
phototransduction
carbohydrate metabolism
redox, respiration
redox
tca, fa and cholesterol
aa metabolism
glycogenolysis
gluconeogenesis, tca, fa, aa
1C metabolism
1C&H metabolism
hydroxylation
bone remodeling
antioxidant
coagulation
bone remodeling
ac, pl
Vitamin dalam Makanan
Vitamin larut air banyak yang hilang saat proses
pemasakan.
Kehilangan vitamin dalam pemasakan dapat dicegah
dengan cara :
1. Suhu tdk terlalu tinggi
2. Waktu masak tdk terlalu lama
3. Menggunakan air pemasak sesedikit mungkin
4. Potongan bahan makanan tdk terlalu halus
5. Panci ditutup
6. Sisa air rebusan utk masakan lain
Vitamin Larut Air
 Larut dalam air
 Terdiri dari Vitamin C, vitamin B
 Biasanya tdk disimpan dalam
tubuh dan dikeluarkan melalui
urin dalam jumlah kecil
 Banyak hilang dalam proses
pemasakan
 Membantu dlm metabolisme
energi
• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water.
Because water-soluble vitamins are not
stored by the body to any extent, foods
reach in these vitamins must be eaten
more often than foods with fat-soluble
vitamins.
• Fruits and vegetables are good source of
water soluble vitamins.
VITAMIN C
 Common Food Sources :
- Citrus fruits, berries, tomatoes, broccoli, melon,
potatoes, green peppers, green and yellow
vegetables
 Major Body Functions :
- Aids in the formation of collagen
- Aids in the absorption of iron into the body
- Prevents oxidation
- Wound healing
- Maintaining blood vessels, bones, teeth
- Production of brain hormones
- Immune factors
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Bleeding gums, wound don’t heal, dry and
rough skin, scurvy, increased infections,
Bruises
Excessive Intake and Toxicity
Symptoms :
- Nontoxic under normal conditions, rebound
scurvy when high doses discontinued,
diarrhea, bloating, cramps, increase
incidence of kidney stones.
Stability in Food :
- Most unstable underheat, drying,
storage
Bleeding Gums
Scurvy
Scorbutic Rosary
Follicular
Hemorrhages
RDA for Vitamin C
•
•
•
•
•
•
90 mg/day for male adults
75 mg/day for female adults
+35 mg/day for smokers
Average intake ~72 mg/day
Body is saturated at intake of 200 mg/day
Upper Level is 2 g/day
Vitamin B
• Vitamin B complex - needed for chemical
reactions in the body and help improve
appetite, growth and reproduction
• Bcomplex : a group of vitamins involved
in energy reactions
• Vitamin B complex sources- green
pastures, cereal grains, milk, fish solubles,
and animal proteins
THIAMINE
• Thiamine (vitamin B1) is a water
soluble vitamin.
• It is essential for the utilization of
carbohydrates.
• Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), the
coenzyme of cocarboxylase plays a
part in activating transketolase, an
enzyme involved in the direct oxidative
pathway for glucose.
THIAMINE (Vit. B1)
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, whole grains, enriched grain products,
meat, legumes, peanuts, sunflower seeds,
Green beans, milk, orange juice, dried
beans and seeds
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in energy metabolism
- Important in function of nervous system
- Promotes normal appetite
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Beri-beri damaged to the nervous and
cardiovascular system, muscle weakness,
wasting
- Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome mental
confusion, amnesia, muscular
incoordination.
- Edema, impaired growth
Excessive Intake and Toxicity
Symptoms :
None known easily cleared by kidney
Stability In Food :
- Losses depend on length & cooking
method
- Dissolve in cooking water
- Not too rubbed and repeatedly on cleaning
rice
RDA For Thiamin
• 1.1 mg/day for women
• 1.2 mg/day for men
• Low income people and older people may
barely meet needs (highly processed and
unenriched foods)
• Surplus is rapidly lost in urine; non toxic
Wet and Dry BeriBeri
RIBOFLAVIN (Vit. B2)
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, milk, yoghurt, cheese,
meat, poultry, dark green
vegetables, whole and enriched
grain products, eggs.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in carbohydrate, fat, and protein
metabolism
- Essential for growth
- healthy skin and normal functioning of the
eyes
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Cracks at corner of mouth, dermatitis
around nose and lips, eyes sensitive to
light, emotional changes (depression)
Ariboflavinosis
Excessive Intake and Toxicity
Symptoms :
- None known
Stability In Food :
- Sensitive to light
- Water soluble
RDA for Riboflavin
•
•
•
•
1.1 mg/day for women
1.3 mg/day for men
Average intake is above RDA
Toxicity not documented
NIACIN (Vit. B3)
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, fish, poultry, meat, peanuts, whole
and enriched grain products, milk, eggs.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in energy metabolism
- Maintains normal functioning of the
nervous and digestive tract
- Promotes normal appetite and healthy skin
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Pellagra  dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
(3 Ds)
- Skin disorders, weakness and dizziness,
mental confusion, irritability, loss of
appetite
Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- Abnormal liver function, cramps, nausea,
ulcers
Deficiency of Niacin: Pellagra
RDA for Niacin
•
•
•
•
•
14 (mg) NE/day for women
16 (mg) NE/day for men
Daily Value on labels is 20 mg
Upper Level is 35 mg
Toxicity : headache, liver and GI damage
PYRIDOXINE (Vit. B6)
Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) exists in three
forms pyridoxine, piridoxal and
pyridoxamine.
Common Food Sources :
- Meats, whole grains and cereals, green
leafy vegetables, poultry, fish, potatoes,
banana.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in protein, fat and carbohydrate
metabolism and absorption
- Aids in red blood cell formation
- Helps body use fats
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Anemia, skin disorders, dermatitis, cracks
at corners of mouth, irritability, kidney
stone, nausea, smooth tongue.
Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- Numbness and damaged to the nervous
system (hands or feet)
Stability In Food :
- Considerable losses during cooking
RDA for Vitamin B6
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1.3 mg/day for adults
1.7 mg/day for men over 50
1.5 mg/day for women over 50
Daily Value set at 2 mg
Average intake is more than the RDA
Athletes may need more
Alcohol destroys vitamin B6
BIOTIN (Vit. B7)
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, kidney, egg, milk, fresh vegetables,
nuts, whole grains.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in carbohydrate, protein and fat
metabolism
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Anorexia, nausea, glossitis, dermatitis,
depression, fatigue, muscle pain, anemia
Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- None known
COBALAMINE (Vit. B12)
Unlike other water soluble vitamin, vit.B12
is stored in the liver. Vit.B12 is sensitive to
ultraviolet light.
Common Food Sources :
- Found only in animal foods : meats, liver,
kidney, fish, eggs, milk and milk products,
oysters, shellfish.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in energy metabolism
- Aids in red blood cell formation
- Helps maintain the central nervous system
- Necessary for folate activity
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Pernicious anemia (large cell type) :
– Looks like folate deficiency
– Nerve degeneration, weakness
- Sore tongue and weakness, neurological
disorders
- Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- None known
RDA for Vitamin B12
• 2.4 ug/ day for adults and elderly
adults
• Average intake exceeds RDA
• B-12 stored in the liver
• Non-toxic (no Upper Level)
FOLIC ACID
Folate requirements are increased
during pregnancy. Folate is sensitive to
heat, oxygen and ultraviolet light.
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, kidney, dark green leafy
vegetables, meats, fish, whole grains,
citrus fruits, poultry, seafood.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in protein metabolism
- Promotes red blood cell formation (Act
with Vit. B12)
- Prevents birth defects of spine, brain
- Important in synthesis DNA
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Pernicious anemia, depression, smooth
tongue, diarrhea
Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- May mask symptoms of Vit. B12
deficiency
Stability In Foods :
- Easily destroyed by storing, cooking, and
other processing
PANTOTHENIC ACID
Common Food Sources :
- Liver, kidney, meats, egg yolk,
whole grain.
Major Body Functions :
- Aids in carbohydrate, fat and
protein metabolism
- Aids in formation of hormones
Deficiency Symptoms :
- Fatigue, nausea, abdominal cramps,
difficulty sleeping, irritability, retards
growth.
Excessive Intake and Toxicity Symptoms :
- Doses of 10 to 20 grams may result in
diarrhea
Stability In Foods :
- About half of pantothenic acid is lost in the
milling of grains and heavily refined foods
RDA for Pantothenic Acid
• Adequate Intake = 5 mg/day
Questions?
Thank You!
L/O/G/O
www.themegallery.com