Transcript mixed economy

Border problems
Jawarlal Nehru
 1st Prime Minister
of India,
1947-1964.
 Advocated
Industrialization.
 Promoted “Green
Revolution”.
 Mixed Economy.
 Nonaligned Movement
Non-Alignment
Movement
India’s “mixed economy”
 Mixed Economy: refers to private &
govt. ownership
 Foreign aid and foreign investment
are crucial.
 Urban areas have high-tech
companies.
 Three quarters of the population are
farmers living in small villages.
India’s “Green Revolution”
 Introducing higheryielding varieties
of seeds in 1965.
 Increased use of
fertilizers &
irrigation.
 GOAL  make
India selfsufficient in food
grains.
Indira Gandhi
 Nehru’s daughter.
 1st women leader &
Prime Minister of
India, 1966-1984.
 Continues Nehru’s
policies.
 Faced corruption
charges & internal
rebellion.
 Assassinated in
1984.
Mrs. Gandhi
assassinated!
Rajiv Gandhi
 Indira’s son.
 Prime Minister of
India, 1984-1989.
 Some reform of
economy and
government.
 Also faced rebellion.
 Assassinated in
1991 by suicide
bomber while
campaigning.
Sonia Maino Gandhi
 1968  Italian Sonia
Maino married Rajiv
 1983  becomes an
Indian citizen
 1984  is first lady
when her husband,
Rajiv Gandhi,
succeeded his
assassinated
mother as Prime
Minister.
 Sonia Gandhi
remains Roman
Catholic, but
follows Hindu
and Indian
traditions.
 With her
children, she
scattered
Rajiv's ashes
in the Ganges.
 After Rajiv's death Sonia shied away from
the spotlight. In 1998, she agreed to start
her own career as a “Gandhi” again and
became an important political leader.
 Sonia's son Rahul and daughter Priyanka
have also become politically active.
“The Jewel turns down the
crown!”
 When her party
won in the
2004 elections,
she was asked
to be Prime
Minister.
 She decided not
to accept the
position.
Manmohan Singh
 May 2004  he held up
a letter from India's
president authorizing him
to form a new government
as prime minister
 India Swears in 13th
Prime Minister and
the first Sikh in the job
Current Prime Minister
of India
India’s economy today
World’s 3rd largest economy  by GDP
World’s 9th largest economy
(PPP)
 by GDP
(Nominal)
Fast growing economy  one of the fastest
growing economies in the world
Foreign investment boosts economy 
telecommunication and information technology
Top Business Sectors  small car
manufacturing, technology, and Bolywood
Problems in india today
 Overpopulation  1 billion & climbing
 Hindu-Muslim tensions  India v Pakistan
 Gender issues  dowry killings
 Caste bias  discrimination against castes
 Kashmir  dispute and nuclear weapons
 Political  assassinations
Is the dream gone?
Ali Jinnah
 1st Leader (GovernorGeneral) of independent
Pakistan
 Dangerous combination
 Was not prepared
to rule in 1948.
 Strong Islamic
fundamentalism.
 Impoverished.
 Pakistan divides in 1972
 W. Pakistan = Pakistan
 E. Pakistan = Bangladesh
Division of Pakistan
 Pakistan divides in 1972
 W. Pakistan = Pakistan
 E. Pakistan = Bangladesh
Benazir Bhutto
 First Woman Prime
Minister of Pakistan,
1988
 Served two terms
1988-1990
1993 = faced
corruption charges
1993-1996
 2007 Returned to
Pakistan to run for
re-election but
was assassinated
Nawaz Sharif
 Nawaz Sharif
 Ousted three
times.
 Struggle between
modernizers and
fundamentalists.
 Overthrown in
bloodless military
coup
Gen. Pervez Musharaff
 led bloodless coup
d'état
 ruled Pakistan as head
of state 1999-2001
 ruled Pakistan as
president 2001-2008
 Led a secular govt.
 Anti-Islamic
fundamentalist
 U.S. ally in the
“War on Terror.”
 resigned in 2008
facing impeachment
Current Government
 Form: Parliamentary
Republic
 Led by: Asif Ali
Zardari
 Closest ally is
China
 Maintains good
relationship with
Arab & Muslim
world
 Ally w/U.S. but,
strained due to
recent mistrust
Current Issues in Pakistan
 Economic development  semi-industrialized
but rapidly developing
 Political instability  tribal and religious
 Hindu-Muslim tensions  w/India
 Gender issues  Muslim honor killings
 Terrorism  relationship w/U.S. strained

 The Kashmir land dispute & nuclear
weapons
1971 India-Pakistan War
India-Pakistan Nuclear Arms Race
2002 Nuclear
Statistics
Kashmir Crisis
Indian Soldiers Patrol the India-Pakistan
Border in Pura, the Winter Capital of
the State of Jammu & Kashmir - 1998
Indian Soldiers Near the
Pakistani Border - 2001
A Pakistani Ranger at the IndianPakistani Joint Border Check Post
in Wagha, India - 2001
Kashmiri Militants - 2003
Partners in the “War on Terror?”