Transcript UNEP experiences

14th Meeting of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development
Milocer (Budva), 30 May – 1 June 2011
Moustapha Kamal Gueye
United Nations Environment Programme
UNEP Green Economy Report
• Investing 2% of global GDP into ten key
sectors for a transition towards a low-carbon,
resource-efficient economy.
Key findings
• Investing in natural capital, resource and
energy efficiency can lead to:
– Higher rates of GDP growth over time and
enhanced wealth
– Reduced poverty
– Decent employment
A green economy can create employment
• Agriculture - over the next decade, shifting to
sustainable agriculture could increase global employment
by as much as 4%
• Forests - forest conservation and reforestation could
boost formal employment in this sector by 20% by 2050
• Transport - improved energy efficiency across all
transport modes combined with modal shift would
increase employment by about 10% above business-asusual by 2050
• Energy - expansion of renewables and
investments in energy efficiency could
generate employment that is 20% higher
than business as usual by 2050
Opportunities for green jobs
20.4 million jobs by 2030 in renewable energy
Turnover of the Environmental Goods and Services Sector in
the EU - Actual: Euros 319 billion in 2008 (2.5%of GDP)
Solar PV
• 6. 3 million jobs by 2030
• Source: Greenpeace and EPIA
Biofuels
• 12 million jobs by 2030
• Source: Greenpeace and GWEC
Wind power
• 2.1 million jobs by 2030
• Source: Worldwatch Institute (2006)
Source: Green Jobs Report (UNEP 2008)
Key finding: A green economy stimulates
growth, exceeding BAU over time…
GDP growth (%)
…while reducing ecological scarcities
and environmental risks
Green Economy and Water
– Under the green investment scenario, all the MDGs for water
are achieved in 2015, making a major contribution to poverty
and water borne diseases.
Enabling conditions for a green economy
• Establish sound regulatory frameworks
• Remove harmful subsidies (e.g. fossil
fuels, fisheries)
• Prioritize green investment
• Utilize market mechanisms and taxation
• Build capacity through training and
technology transfer
Incentives for Eco-Innovation
Incentive for eco-innovation : CLEAR POLICY SIGNAL!
11
Wind power
10
9
Fuel cells
8
7
Lighting
6
Solar PV
5
4
Electric cars
3
2
All tech.
sectors
1
Source: OECD (2010), The Invention and Transfer of Environmental
Technologies
1997-
2004
2002
2000
1998
1996
1994
1992
1990
1988
1986
1984
1982
0
1980
Patenting activity in Annex 1 ratification countries
(3-year moving average, indexed on 1990=1.0)
12
Kyoto Protocol
UNEP – GREEN ECONOMY INITIATIVE
Financing the green economy
• Investment in greening key sectors is growing but needs
further expansion
– Investments in clean energy were $180-200 bn in
2010, up from $46 bn in 2004
• Scope for increasing green investments from
international finance institutions and national
development banks - investing USD350 bn/yr
• Need for additional innovative mechanisms and tools
– Green Climate Fund
– Payments for Ecosystem Services (e.g. REDD+)
– Environment, social and governance reporting
China – Solar Water Heaters
Economic
Benefits
Environmental
Benefits
Social
Benefits
Industry/ Highly
profitable
Reduce fossil fuel
consumption
Reduce risk of CO
poisoning,
Rheumatoid arthritis
Household/ save fuel
costs ($50 - $500)
Save 348,000 tsce of
fossil energy/ year
600,000 employed
Tunisia – Clean Energy
Economic Benefits
$1200 million savings in energy bill
s=
9.6% of primary energy consumpti
on
Energy gains to grow to 20%
of total energy consumption
in 2011
New renewable energy
market and job creation
2004
Renewable
Energy Law
Energy
efficiency,
Wind, Solar
Thermal
(Prosol)
Policy to transform
energy
2004 Renewable energy law
Plan Solaire
Law was amended in February
2009 support clean electricity by
industrial sector
PROSOL: As of 2009, Tunisian
banks have provided loans
totaling
over $12 million – five
$1200m Energy savings from 2005-2009
times the $2.4 million cost of the
programme
Brazil – Sustainable Cities
Sustainable Planning Initiatives
City
Management
Urban
Planning
Economic Benefits
Per capita loss from severe
congestion 6.7-11 times less
than other cities
Annual fuel losses (per capita)
4.3-13 times less than others
Transport
Planning
Population increase in a sustainable way
361,000 (1960) – 1,797,000 (2007)
Fuel usage is 30 percent
lower than other cities
Policy to transform
city and industry
Flood control ->
turned vulnerable areas
into parks
Park with buses and bi-cycle
path (ecological asset + green
infrastructure)
Curitiba Industrial City (CIC)
700 companies, 50,000 direct
jobs, 150,000 indirect jobs
UNEP – Green Economy Initiative
Thank You
UNEP Green Economy report
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/GreenEconomyReport/tabid/29846/Default.aspx