Transcript Green Economy Initiatives - Regional

Green Economy Initiatives
- Regional Perspectives
Dr Subrata Sinha, UNEP, Bangkok
Asia and the Pacific
Over 60% of Population
Rest of the
world
Asia
Pacific
Rest of the
world
40% of Global Economy
Asia
Pacific
Rest of
the world
Asia
Pacific
Over 70% of Poor
950 million still in poverty
584 million undernourished
480 million no access to safe drinking water
1900 million no access to safe sanitation
Energy consumption increased by 50%
between 1996 and 2006
 One-meter sea level rise would displace 100
million people
 Asia shares 34% of global GHG emissions
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Subregion
Agency
Additional
Central Asia
ISDC
ECO
NE Asia
TEMM
NEAC, NESPEC,
TUMEN, NOWPAP
South Asia
ICIMOD, SAARC,
SACEP
SAS, BIMSTEC
SE Asia
ASEAN, GMS, MRC
COBSEA, BIMSTEC
South Pacific
SPREP
SOPAC Forum
Energy demand
Resource Use and Efficiency
Asia and Pacific region is world’s largest resource user – growing “consumer
class” increasing demand for food, water, consumer goods, energy, housing
constructions, other infrastructure
Figure below presents the Domestic Materials Consumption for the Asian and Pacific region,
rest of the world, and the world, 1971–2005
Forest area change
In Asia small-scale agricultural enterprises were
responsible for forest area change (percentage of
total)
Source: GEO 3
Asia-Pacific – stark reality
• Limited Bio-capacity
– Productive area, arable land, freshwater
availability per capita in A-P are all less than
rest of the world
• Deepening Ecological Deficit
– Ecological Footprint is surpassing Biocapacity
What is the future without change?
(The business as usual path)
By 2030
– Global energy demand up by 45%
– Oil price up to US$180 per barrel
(IEA)
– GHG emissions up 45%
– Global average temperature up 6°C
– Sustained losses equivalent to 510% of global GDP
– Poor countries will suffer costs in
excess of 10% of their GDP (Stern)
ENERGY EMISSIONS
Transport
14%
Buildings
8%
Land use
18%
Other
energy
related
5%
Power
24%
Industry
14%
Agriculture
14%
Waste
3%
NON-ENERGY
EMISSIONS
Turning the Crisis into an Opportunity
• Economic recovery must not longer be designed to
simply “reboot” the economy. They should be seen
as an opportunity to transform the vicious cycle of
climate change and over-reliance on fossil fuel as
energy source into a virtuous cycle of climate action
and low carbon economic growth.
• Investing in green economic sectors, low carbon
technologies, and ecological infrastructure could bring
about recovery and lay the foundation for future
sustained growth.
• A low carbon green growth will also reduce the threats
of climate change and energy insecurity, contribute to
poverty reduction and improve human well-being
while renewing the earth ecological capacity.
Shifting to a Green Economy
• Moving towards low carbon and resource efficient
economy with investment in nature capital
• Significant international momentum for transition to a
green economy
– G20 reaffirmed their commitment to “move toward greener, more
sustainable growth” (Sept 2009)
– United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development in 2012
(Rio+20) will include theme on “green economy in the context of
sustainable development and poverty eradication”
– CSD 18th and 19th sessions will examine priorities and needs
for shifting to sustainable consumption and production
– UNEP GC 2010 focus on green economy
– 6th MCED focussed on green growth
What is a Green Economy?
• Increase in green
investment
• Increase in quantity
& quality of jobs in
green sectors
• Increase in share of
green sectors in GDP
• Decrease in
Energy/resource use
per unit of production
• Decrease in
Environmental cost of
production/consumpti
on
• Decrease in wasteful
consumption
UNEP Green Economy Initiative
Designed to assist
governments in “greening”
their economies by reshaping
and refocusing policies,
investments and spending
towards a range of sectors
– such as clean technologies,
renewable energies, water
services, green transportation,
waste management, green
buildings and sustainable
agriculture and forests.
Green Economy and Climate Change
Challenges:
• Business-as-usual risks increasing carbon dioxide emissions
by 130% by 2050 and raising average global temperatures by
6˚C
• Emissions linked to deforestation and forest degradation
account for nearly 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions
Opportunities:
• In 2008, investments in renewable energy generation ($140
billion) surpassed investments in fossil fuel power generation
($110 billion)
• Projected investments in renewables could generate 20
million jobs
• REDD-plus - investments in reducing emissions from
deforestation, forest degradation, and sustainable
management of forests
Green Economy and Ecosystem
Services
Opportunities:
• Investing $45 billion in protected areas could secure vital
nature-based services (e.g. carbon sequestration, flood
control, etc.) worth $5 trillion annually
Green Policy initiatives
 Asian countries have led the world in “green policies” as part of stimulus
spending response during the recent economic/financial crisis –
examples:
 China – Circular Economy Law 2009 - 100 new high speed trains,
expansion of the rail network to 120,000 km by 2020
 Republic of Korea – Low Carbon Green Growth National Strategy
 Thailand – new ambitious targets in alternative and clean energy use
 Maldives: Carbon Neutrality by 2020
 Indonesia – REDD benefits distribution policy 2009
 Singapore – Sustainable Singapore Blueprint
 Widespread regional uptake of 3R policy in Japan, Vietnam, Philippines,
etc.
Source: Draft MCED Synthesis 2010
Carbon Intensity
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China – 40-45% reduction from 2005 levels
India – 20-25% reduction from 2005 levels
Indonesia – 26% reduction by 2020
RoK – 20% reduction by 2020
Green Growth
• Sustainable Infrastructure: Building codes,
energy and waste efficiency (Singapore),
decentralized power production ((Thailand,
Indonesia, Philippines), eco-city (China)
• Green Markets, business: Green procurement
(Japan , Korea), Eco-leveling (RoK), Cleaner
Production Programme (Thailand, Vietnam)
Green Investment and Jobs
• RoK: Suncheon City’s degraded ecosystem turned into
ecotourism attraction generated 64,000 jobs and economic
benefits at $100 million. 80% of Korean economic stimulus
packages promoting green jobs.
• India - employs 10,000 people in manufacturing wind energy
equipment. Conversion of 6,000 buses in Delhi to CNG will
create 18,000 new jobs
• China – employs 22 000 people in generating wind power,
55,000 in manufacturing solar photovoltaic cells, 600,000 in
producing solar water heaters, and 266,000 in producing
biomass energy. 440 billion dollar stimulus package to expand
its renewable energy, 1/3 of global solar manufacturing
capacity.
• Thailand: Greening its 180,000 vehicle manufacturing
workforce
• Vietnam: $1 million investment to plant 12000 Ha mangroves
will save $7 million per year of coastal infrastructure
Green Economy Policies
• New opportunities are emerging (green
technologies, new markets, key industries
changes, growing awareness, green jobs,
community engagement, international
governance, etc)
• Projected $8 trillion in investment over next 10
years – green economy
The activities
Green Jobs
• Evaluating Biodiversity Business
• Evaluating Ecological
Infrastructure
TEEB
Demonstrating the value of
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and
persistent poverty
Sizing and
incentivizing
growth in green &
decent jobs
Policy Insight
UNEP proposals to policy
makers on how
to “green” fiscal stimulus
packages
Country and Regional
Green Economy Roadmaps
GGND investment, education
& training, metrics for green
employment growth
Green Economy Report
Demonstrating that Greening is a
new engine for growth, sizing
sectoral opportunities, addressing
hurdles & enabling conditions
Decent jobs from Communitybased Conservation, PES/ IPES
implementation
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Thank you for your kind attention
Dr Subrata Sinha
United Nations Environment Programme
[email protected]