Transcript Data & Information Management

Asper School of Business
9.613 Using Information Technology
Part-Time MBA, December 2001
Instructor: Bob Travica
Class 4
Management of Data,
Information and Knowledge
9.613 Using Information Technology
1
Outline
•Data, Information, Knowledge
•Data, Information, Knowledge - MIS Focus
•Technology for Managing Data/Information
•Managing Information - Life Cycle Metaphor
•Technology for Information Management
•Knowledge Management--separate slides
9.613 Using Information Technology
2
Data, Information, Knowledge - Relationships
Data
Information
Knowledge
Size, Complexity, Management Cost):
low
high
More
9.613 Using Information Technology
3
• Data refers to sets of symbols (textual, visual, audio)
that may have some generic meaning or no meaning.
(e.g., “bob” vs “cpc”; “client”)
• Information refers to data with specific meaning.
Usually implies putting data in some context
(sentence, other data).
(e.g., “bob is my friend”, “bob not meaning beans in a
Slavic language”; “cpc is encrypted ‘bob’ ”; “client
device sends requests to the server; database record)
9.613 Using Information Technology
4
• Knowledge refers to interconnected information
that signifies what is/will be, why is/will be, and
how to do.
Or, WHAT: semantics (definition), taxonomy
(classification), episodic (description), ontology (all
of this and analysis/synthesis) &
HOW: procedural knowledge--how to do.
9.613 Using Information Technology
5
• Relationships between data, information and knowledge
For example,
- data provides building blocks for information and
information does so for knowledge;
- knowledge facilitates creation of information from data;
- new data changes information, new information changes
knowledge
• Fuzzy boundaries between information and knowledge
9.613 Using Information Technology
6
Data, Information, Knowledge - MIS Focus Evolution
• In MIS, these 3 usually called information resources
• Point of confusion (!): “information” used in broader sense
to include all 3
1960
1970
1980
1990
9.613 Using Information Technology
7
Information Resources - some modern issues
• More vs. less structured information (records vs. documents)
• Hypertext-based structures as pattern of linked data/info
• Data about data -- metadata or information/knowledge
(data dictionary; data definitions in DBMS;
tags in markup languages)
9.613 Using Information Technology
8
Technology for Managing Data/Information
DBMS
Electronic (“Flat”) Files
Paper Files
time
• DBMS models
(hierarchical, network, relational, object)
• Challenges of multimedia data
9.613 Using Information Technology
9
Newer Database Developments
• Data Warehousing
• Data Mining
• Online Analytical Processing (OLAP)
• Grayish area: borderline between information and
knowledge?
9.613 Using Information Technology
10
Managing Information - Life Cycle Metaphor
Store
Collect
,
Create
Discard
(after x cycles)
Filter
Update
Organize
Retrieve
Use
Transfer,
Share
• Knowledge management uses similar cycle
9.613 Using Information Technology
11
Technology for Information Management
• Databases (organize, store, retrieve)
• Management Information Systems
Decision support systems (knowledge implications)
• Information filtering (reduce size - increase relevance)
• Communication (transfer, create)
• Groupware (create, store, share)
9.613 Using Information Technology
12
Knowledge Management
Note: Check the other set of slides.
9.613 Using Information Technology
13