Transcript Importance of Agriculture

Agriculture: How much Important??
(for National Development)
AGRICULTURE
IMPORTANCE
IN EPICS
INCREASE IN GRAIN PRODUCTION
FROM 50MILL TONS TO 200MILLTONS
VARIATION IN AGRI GROWTH IN
DIFFERENT PARTS OF COUNTRY
TARGET GROWTH RATE OF 4%
Its’ importance…….
PROVIDES RAW MATERIAL FOR
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY.
 IMPORTANCE IN CULTURES,
TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS.
 PROVIDES LIVELIHOOD TO 70% OF
LABOR FORCE.
 IMPORTANCE IN INTERNATIONAL
TRADE.

FOREIGN TRADE
(In US $
billion)
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
EXPORT
44.1
43.8
51.7
IMPORT
50.0
50.7
59.4
BALANCE
-5.90
-6.9
-7.7
DATAS (in crores)
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1995-96
1998-99
GDP
39708
122427
477814
1006286
1612383
GDP IN
AGRI
16821
42466
135162
255613
428680
TOTAL
EXPORT
S
1535
6711
32558
106353
141604
AGRI
EXPORT
S
487
2057
6019
20344
25225
INDIA ATTAINED SELF-SUFFICIENCY IN
FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION IN 1998.
 FOOD PRODUCTION IN 2003-04 IS
210.8 MILLION TONS.
 GROWTH RATE WAS HIGHER IN 199697…..i.e, 9.6%
 AGRICULTURE GROWTH HAS GOT
MULTIPLIER EFFECT IN ECONOMY.

INDIA HAS GOT 130 MILL HA OF
CULTIVABLE LAND
 12.9% OF POPULATION OWNS 65% OF
THE CULTIVATED AREA.
 AGRICULTURE IS THE MAJOR
SOURCE OF INCOME FOR TWOTHIRDS OF THE POPULATION
 3% GROWTH IN AGRI LEAD TO 2.6%
GROWTH OF INDUSTRY.

NET CAPITA AVAILABILITY OF
FOOD GRAINS
NET AVAILABILITY OF FOOD GRAINS=
GROSS PRODUCTION-SEED-FEEDWASTAGE-EXPORTS+IMPORTS-----(1)
(1)/POPULATION ESTIMATES FOR A YR

1951 – 394.9gm
2002 – 491.2gm
Geographic area= 328.73 m ha
Net area sown = 141.23
Total cropped area = 189.74
Area sown more than once = 48.51
m ha
Cropping intensity = 134.3 m ha
Gross irrigated area = 76.34 mha
Net irrigated area = 57.24 mha
PRODUCTION OF CROPS
(2002-03)
RICE- 75.72 MILLION TONNES
----W. BENGAL IS THE MAJOR
PRODUCER—16.39%
 WHEAT-69.32 MILLION TONES
---- U.P IS THE MAJOR PRODUCER—
34.84%

FOOD GRAIN PRODUCTION = 182.57
MILL TONNES
Minimum support prices
Paddy = 5.50/- per Kg
 Maize = 5.05/- Per kg
 Cotton = 13.60 /- per bale

POPULATION OF
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
YR
1951
2001
TOTAL
AGRICULT CULTIVAT
POPULATI URE
ORS
ON(million) LABOURE (million)
RS
361.1
27.3
69.9
(19.5%)
(49.9%)
1027
107.5
(million)
127.6
SHARE OF PUBLIC SECTOR
OUTLAY & EXPENDITURE
PLAN
PLAN
OUTLAY
(CRORES)
% SHARE TO
TOTAL
OUTLAY
NINTH PLAN
42,462
4.9%
TENTH PLAN
20,668
5.2%
DARKER SIDE OF AGRICULTURE
CAPITAL INADEQUACY
 LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE
 CONSTRAINTS IN DEMAND SIDE
 INSUFFICIENCY IN INPUT SUBSIDIES
IN AGRI EXPENDITURE.

Problems in Indian Agriculture
1.Inherent Problem of irrigation:
 63% of arable land is rainfed.
 Only 35 % of production come from that.
2.Fragmented land holdings:
 Average size of land holdings declining.
 59% of operational land is marginal
holdings i.e.less than 1 hectare.
3.Indiscriminate use of HYVs and
declining productivity.
Use of more inputs like fertilizers and
pesticides.
Reduction in soil fertility.
Crop failures and suicides.
4.Structural problems.
Limited liberalization in Agriculture.
Dangerous shift towards cash crops.
Need for sustainable growth.
Problems continued……..
5.Lack of proper agricultural policies:
 Reform in agriculture sector.
 Open trade policies.
 Weak agricultural research base.
6.Lack of Integrated approach towards
Wasteland development
 175 mha of land under some degradation.
 Overgrazing and overexploitation of land.
 Long term investment required.
Suggestions:




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
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Proper post harvest technologies.
Training centers for farmers.
National centre for crop forecasting
Integrated crop insurance schemes.
Regeneration of wastelands at community
level.
Increase in plan allocation of Agriculture.
Bring more area under irrigation through five
year plans.