Transcript Silo infra structures were build in the different Co-op`s

TRAINING FOR GRAIN
SILO OPERATIONS
TRAINING FOR GRAIN SILO OPERATIONS
• Grain quality and grading
• Fumigation and quality preservation
• Efficient and Effective SILO OPERATIONS
(Knowledge + People + Machines = PROFIT)
CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS
To fully understand we must know where the present day silo’s
came from.
SHORT HISTORY
1652
1830’s
1860’s
1880’s
• Jan van Riebeeck builds a halfway house
on route to the East
1900
1910
1930
1652
1830’s
1860’s
1880’s
1900
1910
1930
Great Trek to the North
Diamonds in the Northern Cape
Gold in Witwatersrand
RAILWAYS
1652
1830’s
1860’s
1880’s
1900
1910
1930
Anglo Boer war
WWI
World Depression
AGRI product
prices plummets
RECOVERY PHASE
1930’s
1960’s
Co-op Act:
• Regional support and Marketing
• Transport (RAILROADS), Electricity, Steel/Iron availability and Technology improves
Marketing Act: Control Boards Maize Board, Wheat Board, Oilseeds Board…..
• Single Channel Marketing/Pool schemes/Surplus Removal Schemes etc. to further stabilize producer prices.
• Farmers get the same price irrespective of where it’s produced (Zastron, Lichtenburg or Ermelo)
• Minister of Agriculture decides on the farmers price, based on production cost
• Millers pay the same price for the product irrespective of where they are, next to the farm or 1000 kms from it.
• Boards calculates selling price based on various costs.
• Co-ops lost their marketing function and became AGENTS for the various Boards to
handle and store grains and Oilseeds.
• Compensated on a average COST PLUS basis.
DEVELOPMENT PHASE
1960’s
Silo building program via coops, funded with loans and
owners capital
1980’s
Based on actual and potential
production in each Co-op region
Silo infra structures were build in the different Co-op’s
regions all over the country, mainly where RAILROADS were
available.
GRAIN FLOW IN BASE MODEL SILO
• Intake designed for 10 ton road units
• Longer storage periods
• Outloading designed for 42 ton rail
units
• Rail trucks per 24 hrs limited to size of
siding
• Scheduled out loading of
commodities
PRICE FORMING OF AGRI PRODUCTS
1990’s
PRODUCER
PRICE
GAP
Cost to stabilize prices
PROCESSOR
PRICE
CONSUMER
PRICE
1992
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1996
KASSIER report
AMB
New Act on Agricultural Marketing
DEREGULATION, no more Control Boards
Co-op’s -> AGRI Businesses
SAFEX AMD Established
• Bidding platform for AGRI products
• Future contracts
• Location Differentials
Change in production areas linked to market/production sustainability/delivery costs
Railways/Road delivery ratio change due to Non-Operational and/or Non-Profitable rail
routes.
Alternative storage concepts: Bunkers, Silo bags, Farm silo’s, etc. etc.
Direct Marketing ex Farms.
PRESENT DAY DEMAND ON A SILO
2010’s
• No more 10 ton Tractor/trailer combo’s
on intake side
• Storage period irregular
• Outloading Rail Trucks (if possible) >
Irregular/ Late/ Demanding
• 34 tons+ Road Trucks > Irregular/ Late/
Demanding
• Mixed commodities - Daily
?
•
• SILO’S WERE NOT DESIGNED FOR THIS
CONVERSIONS NOT ALWAYS OPTIMAL OR
EFFECTIVE
TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS
Grain Handling Operator
• Industry in-house course.
• Curriculum :
• Occupational Safety, Health and Environmental Protection
CHALLENGE FOR GRAIN SILO OWNERS
Grain Handling Controller
• AgriSETA approved Curriculum
• KNOWLEDGE MODULES
• SUPERVISION: Performance, Motivation and Discipline
• COMMUNICATION: Workplace and Groups
• OPERATIONS: Management, Structures and Markets, Personnel,
Employment, Financial and Maintenance.
• STOCK CONTROL: Quality, Control, Assurance.
• HANDLING & STORAGE TECHNOLOGY: Principles and concepts.
• PRACTICAL MODULES
• WORK EXPERIENCE MODULES