Transcript European Union

Презентация «THE EUROPEAN UNION» подготовлена студентами
четвертого курса факультета иностранных языков
специальности «Английский язык» при изучении темы
«Европейские и всемирные международные организации»
под руководством ст. преподавателя Гуд В.Г. .
Данная творческая работа может быть в дальнейшем
использована в ходе изучения дисциплины
«Общественно-политический дискурс» студентами
4 курса ф-та иностранных языков при ознакомлении
с темой «Международные организации и сообщества».
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The European
Union (EU) is
a politicoeconomic union
of 28 member
states that are
located primarily
in Europe.
 The EU traces its origins from the European Coal
and Steel Community (ECSC) and the European
Economic Community (EEC), formed by the Inner
Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively.
 In the intervening years, the community and its
successors have grown in size by the accession of
new member states and in power by the addition of
policy areas to its remit.
 The Maastricht Treaty established the European
Union under its current name in 1993 and
introduced the European Citizenship.
 The latest major amendment to the constitutional
basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon,that is planned
to amend the existing treaties to update the political
and legal structure of the union, came into force in
2009.
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European citizenship is supplementary to national
citizenship and affords rights such as the right to vote
in European elections, the right to free movement,
settlement and employment across the EU, and the
right to consular protection by other EU states'
embassies when a person's country of citizenship
does not maintain an embassy or consulate in the
country they need protection in.
 With a combined population of over 500 million
inhabitants, or 7.3% of the world population, the EU
in 2012 generated a nominal gross domestic product
(GDP) of 16.584 trillion US dollars, constituting
approximately 23% of global nominal GDP.
Member states of the EU
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Austria (1995)
Belgium (1952)
Bulgaria (2007)
Croatia (2013)
Cyprus (2004)
Czech Republic (2004)
Denmark (1973)
Estonia (2004)
Finland (1995)
France (1952)
Germany (1952)
Greece (1981)
Hungary (2004)
Ireland (1973)
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Italy (1952)
Latvia (2004)
Lithuania (2004)
Luxembourg (1952)
Malta (2004)
Netherlands (1952)
Poland (2004)
Portugal (1986)
Romania (2007)
Slovakia (2004)
Slovenia (2004)
Spain (1986)
Sweden (1995)
United Kingdom (1973)

The EU operates through a system
of supranational institutions and intergovernmental
negotiated decisions by the member states.
 The institutions are:
 the European Commission
 the Council of the European Union
 the European Council
 the Court of Justice of the European Union
 the European Central Bank
 the Court of Auditors
 the European Parliament
(elected every five years by EU citizens)
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The EU has developed a single
market through a standardised system of
laws that apply in all member states.
 Within the Schengen Area, passport
controls have been abolished.
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EU policies aim to ensure the free
movement of people, goods, services, and
capital,enact legislation in justice and
home affairs, and maintain common
policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries,
and regional development.
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The monetary union was established in 1999 and came
into full force in 2002. It is currently composed of 18
member states that use the euro as their legal currency.
Through the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the
EU has developed a role in external
relations and defence.
 The EU is often described as being divided into three
areas of responsibility, called “pillars”. The original
European Community policies form the first pillar,
while the second and the third consist of Common
Foreign and Security Policy.
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The union maintains permanent diplomatic
missions throughout the world and represents
itself at the United Nations, the WTO
(The World Trade Organization), the G8, and
the G-20.
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Competencies in scrutinising and amending
legislation are divided between the European
Parliament and the Council of the European Union
while executive tasks are carried out by the European
Commission and in a limited capacity by the
European Council.
 The monetary policy of the eurozone is governed by
the European Central Bank.
 The interpretation and the application of EU law and
the treaties are ensured by the Court of Justice of the
European Union.
 The EU budget is scrutinised by the European Court
of Auditors.
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The European Commission acts
as the EU's executive arm and is
responsible for initiating
legislation and the day-to-day
running of the EU. The
Commission is also seen as the
motor of European integration.
The President of the Commission
and all the other commissioners
are nominated by the Council.
Appointment of the Commission
President has to be confirmed by
Parliament.
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The European Parliament forms one half of
the EU's legislature.
 The 736 (soon to be 751) Members of the
European Parliament (MEPs) are
directly elected by EU citizens every five
years.
 The President of the European
Parliament carries out the role of speaker in
parliament and represents it externally. The EP
President and Vice-Presidents are elected by
MEPs every two and a half years.
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In 2012 the Union received the Nobel Peace
Prize for having "contributed to the
advancement of peace and reconciliation,
democracy, and human rights in Europe."