Transcript AP World History (11/26)

AP World History (11/26)
 Do
Now: Our next
unit is called
“Global
Interactions: 14501750 CE
 What is going on in
this picture? How
might this help us
understand the
upcoming unit?
The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980)



How do the
tribesmen and
women react to the
“gift” from the gods?
How does it affect
their lives?
How might this clip
assist us as we
prepare for this unit
(global interactions)?
Gunpowder and the lateen
sail


During unit two, we
discussed key
inventions and
discoveries like
gunpowder and the
lateen sail.
How might these two
inventions or
discoveries impact
the time period 14501750?
Context for change in Europe



Crusades had stimulated trade and contact between
Middle East and Europe
Italian city-states like Genoa and Venice had become
key crossroads in this trade
By 1450, the Renaissance was already underway in Italy

Renewed interest in Greek culture


Importance of Alexander’s conquest and Hellenistic world
view
Humanism-interest in the capabilities and
accomplishments of individuals



Beginning to challenge the authority of the Roman Catholic
Church
Renewed interest in secular (of this world) rather than religious
themes
Writers use the vernacular language (Italian) rather than Latin
Result of the Renaissance in
Italy?


Urbanization had occurred due to importance of trade
Wealthy merchants and others become patrons (financial
supporters) of the arts




Medici family
Artists like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael
Catholic Church also sponsored many
Results?

Entrepreneurial spirit



Despite emphasis on secular, church still key



Merchants (banking techniques, profit seeking)
City-state leaders (new ways to govern; political power based on
individual ability rather than hereditary/divine connections)
Many religious buildings
Religious themes in art/sculpture
Renaissance and humanistic ideas permeate entire culture and
diffuse from Italy
Da Vinci’s Mona Lisa


How is this an example of
humanist values?
Wife of wealthy merchant


She is facing the viewer




Only wealthy could afford to
commission a portrait
We can engage with the subject
See who she really is (importance
of individual)
An understanding of three
dimensions
Perspective

Viewer can better understand
relationship of subject and setting
The Creation of Adam
(Michelangelo)-Find three
examples of humanism
How an example of
humanism?


Idealized figures of both god and man
God reclining-first time God portrayed this way




Spark between man and God-note Adam’s nonchalant pose (not one
of fear)
Unity of natural and ideal beauty (harmony in human proportions)
Man in image/likeness of God


Adam and God are almost mirror images of each other
Interesting theories



Intimate view of God
Others claim that the figures and shapes surrounding the figure of God are an
exact drawing of the human brain, in which the frontal lobe, brain stem and
pituitary gland, are detectable, along with other parts of the cerebrum.
Still others have speculated that the red cloth surrounding God is in the shape
of a human uterus, while the green-colored scarf at the bottom is actually a
freshly cut umbilical cord.
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-paintings/creation-ofadam.htm
Another impact of humanism



Johann Gutenberg’s
printing press
Humanist ideas now
more widely
available to a larger
audience
Access to ideas-the
individual can more
easily think for
themselves
Bring on the humanists!
 For
each of the individuals listed on the
next slide, complete the following BRIEF
analysis:



Identify the individual’s contribution to
humanism
Provide a quote from this individual that
connects to humanism
Explain how/why this individual had an
impact on the spread of humanism during
the Renaissance
The “H” list










Martin Luther
Niccolo Machiavelli
Nicholas Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Galileo Galilei
John Locke (E)
Thomas Hobbes (E)
Jean Jacques Rousseau (E)
Adam Smith (E)
Voltaire (E)
Homework for next week


Read chapter ten (The Transformation of
Europe) by 12/3
Terms:






Humanism
Johan Gutenberg (focus on how important with
this term)
Indulgences
Scientific Revolution
The Enlightenment
Mercantilism
AP World History (12/2)
 Do
Now: What differences developed
between Catholics and protestants during
the 16th and 17th century? List as many
differences as possible.
 Make sure your list includes:
 Sale of indulgences
 Salvation through faith, not works
 Church-had become a barrier between
humans and God
Religious Wars

France



Germany



Calvinists vs. Catholics
Ended with Edict of Nantes (1598) granting tolerance to Protestants
30 years war (1618-1648)
Treaty of Westphalia-allows areas/cities to choose own religion
England

Division caused by Henry VIII’s daughters



Queen Mary-Catholic
Queen Elizabeth I-Protestant (Anglican Church)
What do the paintings on the next slides suggest about the effects of
these religious wars?



Pay attention to light, color, positioning of objects (foreground/background),
faces (emotions), etc.
What story does the picture tell?
What themes/big ideas might be suggested by this work?
Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condéthe Battle of Lens on August 28, 1648
Diego Velazquez- Surrender of
Breda (1634-35)
What does the art historian have to say about this painting and its themes?
Impact of religious wars

religious pluralism (acceptance of multiple religions)


Impact of this religious pluralism?
Attempts at political consolidation

Hapsburg Family-keep rule in the family



Absolute Monarchs

Divine right of kings-God’s blessing on their authority



Centered around ancestral homeland of Austria
Prevented by Protestants- Charles the V abdicates (1556)
Louis the XIV (the Sun King-France)
Ferdinand and Isabella (Spain)
Constitutionalism


Great Britain and the Netherlands
Sharing power with parliament



Henry VIII needed their support in forming the Anglican Church
Queen Elizabeth needed funding for war and exploration
Civil War (1642-1651) -king vs. parliament (Charles the I beheaded)
AP World History (12/4)
 Do
Now: What does ACAPS mean?
(Check back in your notes)
 How can we use this to help us analyze
primary sources?
 A=Author
 C=Context
 A=Audience
 P=Purpose
 S=Significance
Chapter 11 terms
 Treaty
of Tordesillas
 The caravel
 Columbian Exchange
 The Great Circuit
 Joint stock companies
 Encomienda system
AP World History (12/5)




Do Now: Read the two quotes below and
record them in your notes.
How are these two quotes similar?
What key difference exists between the two
quotes?
#1: The most high and absolute power in the
realm consists in the Parliament.


English statesman, 1560
#2: Kings are called gods because they sit
upon God’s throne on earth.

James I, early 1600s
Absolutism


The acceptance of
or belief in absolute
principles in political,
philosophical,
ethical, or
theological matters.
Impact of this
concept on the
English Civil War?
English Civil War reset


Context
Tudor dynasty (1485-1603)



Tradition of working with Parliament


Henry VIII (1509-1547)
Elizabeth I (1558-1603)
Henry-needed them to approve the Act of
Supremacy (makes him head of Anglican
Church)
Parliament often did as instructed, but grew
accustomed to being consulted
Let’s get ready to rumble!!!


In this corner…
The Stuarts




Clashes over money and foreign
policy
“I will not be content that my
power be disputed upon.”
Dissolves Parliament (1604)
Charles I (1625)-also practices
absolutism





James I-did not work well with
Parliament


Elizabeth had no male heir; Stuarts
were her relatives

Reconvenes Parliament because
he needs money
Dissolves it in 1629
Supporters called Cavaliers

And in this corner…
Puritans/Oliver Cromwell
Belief that the king/ruler
NEEDED to consult
Parliament on key social,
political, and financial
decisions
Worried also about religious
direction of country




Concerned with Anglican
church becoming too
Catholic in its practices
Reduce the power of the
bishops
Simpler services
Supporters called
Roundheads
Time for some action…

1637-Charles I tries to impost
the Anglican prayer book on
Scotland




Charles needs Parliament to
fund an army to put down the
revolt
Parliament revolts
Attempts (and succeeds) in
execution of Charles chief
ministers



Calvinist-they revolt
Including archbishop
Charles attempts to arrest the
leaders of the revolt in 1642
War is on!!
Effects of English Civil War


Lasts from 1642-1649
Charles I executed


Establishment of the Commonwealth (1649)





Shocking event-a ruling monarch executed by his own people
A new uprising-Supporters of Charles II (rightful heir) attack England
Put down by Cromwell
Catholics-exiled in 1652 (by order of Parliament)
Focus-military rule and strict Puritan ways
Commonwealth gives way to restoration of the Stuarts


Falls apart after death of Cromwell (1658)
Charles II



restores Anglican Church
Accept s Petition of Right (Parliament’s rights within the government), but still practices
absolutism
James II (1685)


Flaunted his Catholic faith
Leads to Glorious Revolution of 1688 (limit of royal power under William and Mary)