Transcript Tourism

Measuring the economic
contribution of Tourism to the
economy of South Africa
Pali Lehohla
Statistician-General
Tourism Summit: Parliament
28 February 2010
1
Content
Outline of Presentation
• What is tourism
• Sources of information for tourism
• Patterns of domestic tourism
• Contribution of Tourism to Employment and GDP
• Status of non-vat registered businesses
2
Content
• Tourism and the TSA
• TSA results
• Tourism Statistics at Statistics South Africa
3
Intro to tourism
Travellers
Other travellers
Visitors
Same day
visitor
Some might be in
transit
Don’t spend a
night
Tourist
Some might be
in transit
WORKERS
paid in the
country
visited
Do spend a
night (see next
slide)
DIPLOMATS
MIGRANTS
REFUGEES
Others within
USUAL
ENVIRONMENT
4
What is a TSA
Tourism is Difficult to Measure
85%
Hotels
Tourist
45%
Not a
Tourist!
Restaurants
5
Concepts and definitions
• Tourism
Tourism includes all trips away from one’s usual environment, not just
holiday/leisure trips. It also includes business, visiting friends and/or
relatives, medical/health trips, and religious journeys amongst others.
• Trip
A journey taken outside of the usual environment of the household.
• Usual environment
The usual environment is defined as all places within a 40 kilometer
radius of the place of usual residence of the respondent, AND all places
that the respondent visits at least once a week (e.g., going to work),
irrespective of the distance from their place of usual residence.
• Day trip
A trip outside of the respondent’s usual environment, where they leave
and return within the same day.
• Overnight trip
A trip outside of the respondent’s usual environment where one night
or more is spent away from the household.
6
TSA
What does the TSA do?
• It is a statistical instrument used to measure the size of the tourism
industry’s contribution to the economy of a country according to
international standards of concepts, classifications and definitions;
• Allow for valid comparisons with other industries and eventually from
country to country and between groups of countries;
• Fundamental structure of a TSA is based on the general relationship
existing within an economy between the demand of goods and services
generated by tourism on the one hand and their supply on the other hand –
it therefore brings together the demand- and supply side of the tourism
industry;
7
TSA
Why a TSA?
• A TSA provides a framework for policy analysis of issues related to
tourism economics, as well as for model-building, tourism growth analysis
and productivity measurements;
• A TSA is constructed using official data and not modeling techniques;
• The main purposes of the TSAs are to:
 analyse in detail all the aspects of demand for goods and services
which might be associated with tourism within the economy;
 observe the operational interface with the supply of such goods and
services within the same economy of reference; and
 describe how this supply interacts with other economic activities.
8
TSA Tables
The 10 tables of the TSA
Table 1: Inbound tourism expenditure
Table 4: Internal tourism
Table 2: Domestic tourism
expenditure
Table 5: Production accounts
Table 6: Domestic supply and
internal tourism
Table 7: Employment in the tourism
industries
Table 8: Gross fixed capital
formation of tourism industries and
other industries
Table 9: Tourism collective
consumption by CPC (Central
Product Classification) products and
levels of government
Table 10: Non-monetary indicators
9
Table 3: O utbound tourism
expenditure
Foreign and Domestic Tourists
10
Tourism and Migration
Travellers versus Tourists (2009) (Tourism 2009, Report 03-51-02 (2009))
Foreign travellers
18 778 556
Arrivals
10 098 306
Same day
visitors
Departures
8 680 250
Visitors
Non Visitors
9 531 615
566 691
Tourists
7 011 865
2 519 750
11
Patterns of Domestic Tourists
12
Number of most recent person trips.
Number of person trips
Type of trip
N (1 000)
Day trips
Overnight trips
5 361
9 770
13
Number of overnight trips by length of stay
Number of nights
Number of recent
overnight person
trips
N (1 000)
Percentage (%)
1 Night
1 078
11,3
2-4 Nights
3 202
33,4
5 or more Nights
5 297
55,3
Subtotal
9 577
100,0
192
-
9 770
-
Unspecified nights
Total
14
Province of destination
• Gauteng was the most visited province on day trips
(24,2%)
• KwaZulu-Natal had the highest proportion of overnight
trips (22,7%).
15
Province of destination
Percentage of day and overnight trips by province of destination
16
Purpose of visit
The main reasons for taking trips was
visiting friends and family/relatives and
leisure:
Day trips - VFR: 29,7% and Leisure: 20,6%
Overnight trips – VFR: 54,0% and Leisure: 25,0%
17
Purpose of visit by kind of trip
18
Main destination by purpose of visit
19
Mode of transport
20
Mode of of transport
Day trips
Main mode of
transport
Overnight trips
Thousand
%
Thousand
%
Bus
331
6,2
1 179
12,1
Car
2 678
50,0
3 887
39,8
Taxi
2 054
38,3
3 977
40,7
Total
5 361
100
9 770
100
Totals include other modes of transport e.g. aircraft, trains, motorcycles and bicycles
21
Destination by mode of transport
22
Destination by mode of transport
• When trips made to Western Cape people used cars
(76,3%), taxi (7,5%), aircraft (6,8%) and bus (6,8%).
• Travellers to Gauteng used taxis (43,4%), cars (30,8%),
buses (15,7%) and trains (7,7%).
•
Fifty five (55,1%) used taxis, cars (30,8%) and buses
(12,5%) to reach the Limpopo province.
•
The mode of transport of most of the travellers to KwazuluNatal was taxi (48,7%), cars (38,1%) and buses (10,1%).
• Forty per cent (40,1%) of trips to Eastern Cape were made
by taxis, 33,5% by cars and 19,4% by buses.
23
Activities undertaken whilst on trip
24
Age distributions by day and overnight
The age group 30 – 34 most likely to travel.
•
1,018 million overnight trips
•
606 000 day trips
25
Age distributions by day and overnight
trip
26
TSA role players
Roles and responsibilities of key role-players
Working team
Construct the TSA
Collect and provide data
Stats SA
SAT
SARB
DHA
dti
NDT
Other
industry
players
Users
27
SARS
Contribution of tourism to employment and
size of the economy
28
Key concepts
Key concepts used in the TSA
Gross direct value added of the
tourism industries
Visitors
Tourism industries
Non-visitors
Non-tourism industries
Tourism direct gross value added
29
Key Results
2005
(final)
2006
(provisional
2007
(provisional)
2008
(provisional)
Inbound tourism expenditure
(R million)
51 090
57 983
66 655
69 964
Domestic tourism expenditure
(R million)
52 842
61 228
67 609
76 914
103 932
119 211
134 264
146 878
Tourism direct gross domestic
product (TDGDP)
(R million)
44 908
52 423
59 783
67 141
Tourism direct gross domestic
product (TDGDP)
(%)
2,9
3,0
3,0
2,9
Persons directly engaged in
producing goods and services
purchased by tourists (nr)
507 384
553 712
569 677
599 410
Persons directly engaged in
producing goods and services
purchased by tourists (%)
4,0
4,1
4,2
4,4
Internal tourism expenditure
(R million)
30
Key Results: Employment
Tourism employment, 2005 to 2008
Employment in the
tourism industries
Persons
directly
engaged
in
producing goods and
services purchased
by tourists
Total employment in
SA
% contribution
tourism
2005
2006
2007
2008
2 137 639
2 365 084
2 449 132
2 459 674
507 384
553 712
569 677
599 410
12 768 859
13 418 807
13 467 261
13 712 823
4,0
4,1
4,2
4,4
of
31
Concepts &Definitions
Domestic
Forms of Tourism
International
32
TSA results
Internal tourism consumption expenditure by types of products, 2005 to 2008
Tourism products
2005
2006
2007
2008
Accommodation for visitors
16,9
16,4
16,6
16,9
Restaurants and similar services
7,5
7,2
7,5
7,6
Railway passenger transport services
0,2
0,2
0,2
0,2
Road passenger transport services
23,2
23,1
22,1
22,9
Water passenger transport services
0,0
0,0
0,0
0,0
Air passenger transport services
9,8
9,5
9,9
10,2
Transport equipment rental
1,8
1,7
1,6
1,8
Travel agencies and other reservation services
3,5
3,4
3,3
3,0
Cultural services
0,1
0,1
0,1
0,1
Sports and recreational services
3,9
4,0
4,0
3,8
Tourism-connected products
11,1
11,2
11,1
11,1
Non-specific products
22,0
23,3
23,5
22,3
100,0
100,0
100,0
100,0
Total
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TSA results
Comparison – Tourism vs traditional industries (Value Added)
25
20
%
15
10
5
0
Electricity, gas and Agriculture, forestry
water
and fishing
Construction
Tourism
Mining and
quarrying
Transport and
communication
Industry
2005
2006
34
2007
2008
Wholesale and retail
trade
General
Government
services
Manufacturing
Finance, real estate
and business
services
TSA results
Comparison – Tourism vs traditional industries (Employment)
30
25
%
20
15
10
5
0
Electricity, gas
and water
Mining and
quarrying
Tourism
Transport and
communication
Agriculture,
forestry and
fishing
Construction
Private hh
Industry
2005
2006
2007
35
2008
Finance, real
estate and
business services
Manufacturing
Community and
Social services
Wholesale and
retail trade
Business in the non-vat registered
environment
36
Background to non registered businesses
• Businesses which are not registered are generally excluded from
the Business Frame which is used by Stats SA in the business
surveys to assess the formal economy.
• However, non-registered businesses also contribute to the economy
of the country
• It is for this reason that Stats SA introduces a survey of employers
and the self employed (SESE) in 2001
•SESE is a household based survey that measures the contribution of
non registered businesses to the economy.
• The survey also provides information on the characteristics of
individuals operating these businesses
• This survey is done once every 4 years
37
Number of persons running at least one business by industry
1 800
1 600
1 400
1 200
1 000
800
600
400
200
Agriculture
Manufacturing
2001
11
242
2005
17
201
2009
10
102
Utilities
1
Construction
Trade
Transport
Finance
Community and
social services
71
1 571
76
131
153
97
1 103
73
59
116
106
614
41
33
115
Most of the non-VAT registered businesses were operating within the Trade industry -1,6 m in
2001 and 1.1 m in 2009 (Although the number had declined by 614 000 in 2009, Trade was
still the highest contributor)
38
The main reason for starting a business
2001
2005
2009
Per cent
Total
100,0
100,0
100,0
4,2
3,5
4,7
60,6
68,2
68,6
4,7
4,3
3,8
12,4
3,8
4,1
I like the activity
4,8
8,2
5,0
I have the skills of this business
5,1
4,1
7,8
I have the equipment for this business
1,2
0,3
0,1
Activity brings high income
2,8
2,6
1,6
Small investment needed
1,8
1,0
0,7
Unhappy with previous work
1,1
1,1
1,9
Other
1,3
2,9
1,7
Inherited/family tradition
Unemployed/have no alternative income source
Retrenched
Inadequate income from the other source
Unemployment or not having alternative income source (more than 60% in all the three time
periods under review) was indicated as the main reason why people decided to start a business
39
Proportion of those who did not need money to start a business
by industry
%
25.0
20.0
15.0
10.0
5.0
0.0
Trade
Construction
Community
and social
services
2001
21.6
1.6
4.6
3.3
3.8
1.2
0.1
2005
12.6
2.9
3.5
3.2
1.4
1.3
0.2
2009
14.9
6.3
5.9
3.2
1.3
1.1
0.4
Manufacturing
Finance
Transport
Agriculture
• The highest proportion of business owners who did not need money to start their businesses were in
Trade.
40
Proportion of those who needed money to start a business by source
of money
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
2001
2005
2009
Other
25.6
29.4
25.6
Own
74.4
70.3
74.4
• Among those who needed money over 70% used their own money to start their own businesses
41
Proportion of those who borrowed money to start a business by
source of money
90.0
80.0
70.0
%
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
Commercial
banks
Friends /
relatives
Credit
societies
Money
lenders/
mashonisas
Business
association
NGO/CBO
Other
2001
4.0
82.9
0.8
5.2
1.6
0.4
5.6
2005
4.8
83.1
6.1
1.0
2.5
2.2
2009
8.4
81.3
1.2
3.0
6.6
6.0
• The majority of persons who borrowed money to start a business, borrowed it from friends or relatives.
• The proportion of persons who borrowed from commercial banks increased from 4,0% in 2001 to 8,4% in
2009
42
Thank You
43