Transcript manish Food and limit of growth

Resource and Limit of Growth
:An Introduction
Manish Kr. Semwal
GMIS
Basic Questions
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Is there a limit for natural resources?
Can society operate without natural resources?
Is there an interrelationship between resources?
Is there an interrelationship between the rich and the poor?
What is globalization?
What is “sustainable development”?
How can we create a world with a balance in economic
activities, social stability, and environmental quality?
The Limit to Growth
Sources
Natural
resources
Society
throughput
Processing
and use
Sinks
throughput
Waste
and pollution
The human population and economy depend upon constant flows of raw materials
such as air, water, mineral, fossil fuel from earth. The human society use those
resources to produce product for consumption. The processes constantly emit waste
and pollution back to the earth. The limit to the ability of the planetary sources to
provide those stream of material and energy, and limits to the ability of the planetary
Sinks to absorb the pollution and waste are limits to growth for the human society.
In other words, the limits to growth are limits to the flow of materials and energy
needed to keep the society functioning.
Food Determine By
• 1. Socio- Cultural Setup
• 2. Economical Benefits
• 3. Ecological Need
The First Conclusion
• Human use of many essential resources and
generation of many kinds of pollutants have
already surpassed rates that are physically
sustainable. Without significant reductions in
material and energy flows, there will be in the
coming decades an uncontrolled declined in
per capita food output, energy use, and
industrial production.
The Second Conclusion
• This decline is not inevitable. To avoid it, two
changes are necessary. The first is a
comprehensive revision of policies and practices
that perpetuate growth in material and energy
consumption (supply-side management). The
second is a rapid, drastic increase in the
efficiency with which materials and energy are
used (demand-side management).
The Third Conclusion
• A sustainable society is still technically and economically
possible. Based on the principle of sufficient economy, it
could be much more desirable than a society that tries to
solve its problem by constant expansion. The transition
to a sustainable society requires a careful balance
between long and short term goals, and between
economics, social, and environmental viability. It
emphasis on sufficiency, equity, and quality of life rather
than on quantity and outputs. It require more than
technology; it also requires maturity, compassion, and
wisdom to manage the society.
Sustainable Development
Model
Social
(based on deep ecology)
Economic
Environment
(based on
sustainable economy)
(based on
Appropriate technology)
The Underlying Concepts for
Sustainable Development
• The concept of Sustainable Economy
• The concept of Deep Ecology
• The concept of Appropriate Technology
and Clean Production
Characteristics of a Sustainable
Economy
• Strives for constant GDP (growth in some area of the
economy, shrinkage in the others)
• Stresses product durability, avoid throwaway
(disposable) product
• Emphasis efficiency in resources use to ensure longterm supplies
• Minimizes waste and pollution in the total system, relying
on reduce, reuse, recycling
• Minimize transportation by decentralize certain
production
• Strives for equitable distribution of wealth
The Concept of Deep Ecology
• Dominant view
– Dominance over nature
– Natural environment as
resources for human
– Materialism
– Economic growth for the
purpose of self-demand
– Earth “supplies” unlimited
– High technological
progress as solution for
resources and waste
– Consumerism
– National/centralized
community
• Deep ecology
– Harmony with nature
– All nature has intrinsic
worth/biospecies equality
– Simple material need (for
the purpose of self
realization)
– Earth “supplies” limited
– Doing with
enough/reuse/recycling
– Social equality
– Diversity
Characteristics of Appropriate Technology
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Machines size are compatible with human
Man-machine interaction is simple
Decentralized uses of material and energy
Based on local resources
Use renewable resources whenever possible
Efficient use of energy and material
Less waste or pollution
Less capital intensive
Stress meaningful work, allowing workers to perform a variety of
tasks
• Product are generally for local consumption
• Product are durable, interchangeable, recyclable, reusable
• The means of production are compatible with local
norms/culture/lifestyle
Globalization
International Agreements and politics
Arousing more
consumption
Technology
investment
goods, services, recruitment
International
money market
Producer
reinvestment
Consumer
Labour, consumption
Pollution/
waste
resources
resources
Natural Environment
Pollution/
waste
Major Challenges to Sustainability
Pollution
Depletion
Poverty
Developed
economies
-greenhouse gases
-use of toxic materials
-contaminated land
-scarcity of materials
-insufficient reuse
And recycling
-urban and minority
unemployment
Emerging
economies
-industrial emission
-contaminated water
-lack of sewage
treatment
-overexploitation of
Renewable resources
-overuse of water
For irrigation
-migration to cities
-lack of skilled workers
-income inequality
-dung and wood
Burning
-lack of sanitation
-ecosystem
destruction
-deforestation
-overgrazing
-soil loss
-population growth
-discrimination
-dislocation
Survival
economies
A Framework for Sustainable Enterprise Management
Problems: poverty, income disparity
Solutions: - greening the supply chain
- efficient income distribution
Problems: pollution, externalities
Solutions: - innovative technology
- pollution reduction
economic
“eco-efficiency”
“socio-efficiency”
consistency
efficiency
sustainability
social
sufficiency
environment
“eco-justice”
Problems: over-consumption, resources depletion
Solutions: - fair resources allocation
- equal access rights
- redirection of consumer behavior
Year
in Billions
Population
Births & Deaths
per 1000 per Year
Population Growth
Added per Year
Millions of People
Total Population Added
Industrial Production
Year
2004 Projection for 1900 2100
Pollution
Population
Food
Resources
Number of Earths Required
One Index of Overshoot - the
Global Ecological Footprint
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Reserve Lifetimes in Limits to
Growth
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Nonrenewable Resources - Petroleum
Known Global Reserves: 455 x 109 bbls (US Bureau of
Mines)
Static Index: 31 years
Static Index with 5 Times Known Reserves: 155
Average Projected Annual Growth Rate (%): 3.9
Exponential Index: 20 years
Exponential Index with 5 Times Known Reserves: 50
Of course the actual nonrenewable resource availability
in the next few decades will be determined by factors
much more complicated than can be expressed by either
index.
The Challenge of Man’s Future
• Within a period of time which is very short compared with
the total span of human history, supplies of fossil fuels
will almost certainly be exhausted. This loss will make
man completely dependent upon waterpower, atomic
energy, and solar energy for driving his machines. There
are no fundamental physical laws which prevent such a
transition, and it is quite possible that society will be able
to make the change smoothly. But it is a transition that
will happen only once during the lifetime of the human
species. .. if machine civilization should, because of
some catastrophe, stop functioning, it will probably never
again come into existence.
•Thank You all
• Manish Kr. Semwal