Transcript Key Transport Facts - IBGeography

DEPARTMENT FOR TRANSPORT,
LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND THE REGIONS
Key Transport Facts: 1980-1999
Trend 1: Growth in passenger transport and freight compared with GDP
•Passenger transport and freight moved (billion tonne kilometres) have grown broadly in line with increased
economic activity.
Figure 1: Overall growth in passenger transport and freight
transport compared to GDP: 1980-1999
Total passenger km
Total tonne km
GDP
Index (1980=100)
150
130
110
90
1980
1985
1990
1995
Year
Trend 2: Passenger transport by mode
•The majority of growth in passenger transport has been in car travel, which now accounts for 85 per cent of the
total.
•Bus travel (the dominant mode until the mid 1950s) now only accounts for six per cent of total passenger travel.
•Rail accounts for 6 per cent (increasing from 5 per cent in the mid-1990s). However, it is an important
commuting mode in the SE, accounting for over three quarters of people entering central London during the
morning peak.
Trend 2a: Passenger transport by mode: 1980-1999
Figure 2b: Non-car passenger transport
by mode: 1980 - 1999
700
70
60
500
Billion passenger kilometres
Billion passenger kilometres
600
400
300
Other
200
Cars, vans and taxis
100
50
40
30
Buses and coaches
Rail
Motorcycles
Pedal cycles
Air
20
10
0
0
1980
1985
1990
Year
1995
1980
1985
1990
1995
Year
August 2001
Trend 3: Freight transport by mode
•The majority of the growth in freight moved (tonne-kilometres) has been due to road freight, which now
accounts for 65 per cent of total freight (90 per cent excluding water and pipeline).
•Water accounts for nearly a quarter of freight moved, but more than half of this is traffic with islands and offshore installations where there is no other practical alternative.
•The growth in tonnes moved (tonne kilometres) has been much greater than that in tonnes lifted: reflecting a 40
per cent increase since 1980 in the average distance that goods are carried by road.
Figure 3: Freight transport by mode: 1980-1999
250
Billion tonne kilometres
200
150
Road
Water
All modes
100
Rail
Pipeline
50
0
1980
1985
1990
1995
Year
Trend 4: Real changes in the cost of transport compared with disposable income
•Ever cheaper cars have helped to keep the real cost of motoring fairly constant even with recent fuel price
increases, whilst disposable income has risen.
•Bus and rail fares have continued to increase, but at a slower rate in recent years.
Figure 4: Real changes in the cost of transport and disposable
income: 1980-2000
200
Petrol/oil
All Motoring
Rail
Bus and coach fares
Disposable income
180
Index (1980=100)
160
140
120
100
80
60
1980
1985
1990
Year
August
2001
1995
2000
Trend 5: Uncoupling road traffic growth from economic and environmental impacts: 1980-1999
•Road traffic has continued to increase, although more slowly than GDP since 1993 (the period when fuel prices were
rising). It is forecast to increase by 17 per cent over the decade to 2010 (allowing for the impact of the 10 Year Plan).
•Over the last decade, due to fuel and technological improvements, levels of some pollutants (such as particulates and
nitrogen oxide) have fallen despite the continued increase in road traffic.
•Road traffic is responsible for around 25 per cent of carbon dioxide emissions (the most important greenhouse gas).
There has been limited success in uncoupling carbon dioxide emissions from road traffic growth.
Figure 5: Uncoupling road traffic growth from
economic and environmental impacts: 1980-1999
200
180
Index (1980=100)
160
140
120
100
Motor vehicle km
Total CO2 (as carbon) from transport
GDP
Nox from transport
PM10 from tansport
80
60
40
1980
1985
1990
1995
Year
Trend 6: Households with regular use of car(s): 1960, 1980 and 1999
•Seventy two per cent of households now have use of at least one car - this has increased from half of all
households at the end of the 1960s. Over a quarter of households now have two or more cars.
•Twenty eight per cent of households do not have the regular use of a car, but this rises to 64 per cent for the
poorest fifth of households. Three quarters of single pensioner households, and 61 per cent of single parent
families, do not have a car.
Figure 6: Households with regular use of car(s): 1960, 1980 and
1999
No car
One car
Two cars
Three or more cars
100
Percentage
75
50
25
0
1960
1980
1999
August
2001
Trend 7: Changing trip lengths (all surface modes) versus total trips: 1985/86 - 1998/2000
•The total mileage travelled per person has increased significantly since the mid 1980s. This is because, whilst the
total number of trips made by people has remained fairly static, average trip lengths have increased by a quarter from
5.2 miles to 6.6 miles.
•This trend is largely due to increased use of the car. Between 1985/86 and 1998/2000 the proportion of trips by car
increased from 51 per cent to 62 per cent, and there was a corresponding decline in walking trips from 34 per cent to
26 per cent.
•For cars, total trips made per person have risen from 520 in the mid 1980s to 640 in 1998/2000, whilst average trip
length also increased from 7.8 to 8.7 miles. Most of the increase in trips by car has been by women, linked with their
increasing participation in the workplace and propensity to hold a driving licence.
Figure 7a: Number of trips by car drivers
and passengers: 1985/68 - 1998/2000
Car drivers and passengers
Figure 7b: Average trip length per year by car drivers
and passengers:
1985/86 - 1998/2000
All modes
Car drivers and passengers
1,200
All modes
10
1,000
8
7
800
Miles
6
600
5
4
3
400
2
1
200
1985/86
1989/91
1992/94
1995/97
1998/00
0
1985/86
1989/91
1992/94
1995/97
1998/00
Trend 8: Fuel consumption: 1980 - 1999
Between 1980 and 1999, fuel use by road passenger vehicles increased by a third whilst distance travelled
increased by half. Fuel consumption per road passenger mile is now ten per cent below the 1980 level.
Figure 8: Passenger transport fuel consumption, passenger
miles and their ratio: 1980-1999
150
140
130
120
Index (1980=100)
Number of trips per year
9
110
100
90
80
Road passenger miles
Fuel consumption for road passenger transport
Fuel consumption per passenger mile
70
60
50
1980
1985
1990
Year
1995
August
2001