Transcript PowerPoint 演示文稿 - World Science Forum

ICT in the Progress of China
Qiheng HU
China Association for
Science and Technology
November 2003
November 2003
Qiheng HU, Budapest
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The Trend
• The economical globalization is
accelerating the distribution of scientific
knowledge and technological innovation:
– International trade: products and technology
– Foreign Direct Investment
– ICT: in particular the Internet
– International collaboration in S&T
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The necessary condition to be a
part of this accelerating process:
Easy communication within the
country and with the rest of the
world
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Beacon towers have been used in China to
transmit the alarm of war in Zhou Dynasty-
1100 before Christ
-The Ancient
IC System :
-A professor asked
his students:
What is the
bandwidth of the
beacon smoke?
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“Stride across Great Wall to the World”
• 1987: The first email sent
from China on Internet :
“Stride across Great Wall
to the World”
• 1990: The Assignment and Registration of CN in
DDN-NIC of DARPA (Prof. Qian TianBai)
• 1994: Full Connection to Internet (64kbps)
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The fast development of Internet in China
60 m.
50 m.
The penetration rate is still very low
40 m.
Internet user
no Internet
30 m.
20 m.
10 m.
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
[CNNIC: the 12th Statistic Report on the Internet Development, July, 2003]
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The ICT application-1
• The National Informatization Surveying Center
promulgated the NIQ of China: 38.46 for 2002
• The NIQ growth during 1998 － 2000 amounted to
48.6%, annual growth is 21.9％，much higher than the
growth in GDP;
• The report of the NISC shows that during the past 10
years the annual growth of IT industry has been over
32%, and it is the fastest one among 40 industrial
categories
• The percentage of IT industry in the whole industry is
8% in 2001
[Computer World, Industry Internal Reference Report, 1 April, 2002]
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The ICT application-2
• Among the composing factors in the NIQ of
2002, the index for ICT application is the
highest one, achieving 65.89; the ICT,
particularly the Internet is penetrating into
widespread areas of the socio-economic
structure and playing its role
[Computer World, Industry Internal Reference Report, 1 April, 2002]
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The ICT application-3
• The next highest index is that of the IT product
and services, achieving 53.78;
• The other 4 indexes are:
– Index for information resources development and
utilization: 45.29
– Index for information network infrastructure: 37.12
– Index for informatization environment: 21.86
– Index for human resources: 13.43
[Computer World, Industry Internal Reference Report, 1 April, 2002]
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The ICT application-4
• It shows that the problematic issues are
in the depth of information resources
development and application, the IPR
protection and information resources
sharing mechanism, and the structural
weakness in human resources
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The external resources
• The international trade volume of China in
2002 amounted to 4.7% of the world;
• The FDI amounted to 4.5% of the GDP in 2002;
• The benefit of technology and expertise
introduced with capital : accelerated the
economic progress, high-tech products export
amounted to 3% of the world;
• The international collaboration in S&T; The
knowledge acquisition via the Internet.
[“S&T and development”, AnGang HU, China Study, v.45, 4 July, 2003]
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The serious challenge-1
• The dominant part of exported high-tech
products are produced by the foreign
invested enterprises;
– In 1999, wholly owned foreign capital
enterprises export volume constitutes
44.5%, and the joint venture enterprises
29.0%, of the total high-tech export volume.
• 66.8% of the patent issued in 1999 is
owned by foreigners;
[“S&T and development”, AnGang HU, China Study, v.45, 4 July, 2003]
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The serious challenge-2
• The integrate S&T strength of China
constitutes only 1/19 of that of U.S.A. in 1998
– The integrate S&T strength is an integrate index
composed of 5 factors:
• Number of scientific papers published in around
4800 international journals;
• Number of patent issued to local citizens
• Per capita PC
• Per capita Internet users
• Percentage of R&D investment in GDP
[“S&T and development”, AnGang HU, China Study, v.45, 4 July, 2003]
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To explore the internal resources
- Responding to the knowledge era
• Initiative innovation-the challenge for
industry and science;
• Improve the environment for knowledge
innovation and distribution;
• Shorten the gap between western and
eastern China;
• Institutional reformation to strengthen
the ICT application.
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Environment for innovation
• Common education for every citizen
• Economic policy and law system
– Encouraging fair competition
– Reduce risk for initiative enterprises and venture capital
– Open market for local enterprises and encourage them to
compete in the international market
• Government responsibility and interference in general
capacity building and public goods production
• Information sharing and easy access to public data
• The ICT popularization and the effective society
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Government activities in the
environment improving-1
• The Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology
(MoST) initiative on “Construction of Basic Support
Platform for S&T”
– The government role in the public goods production and public
demand satisfaction
– The platform is important strategic resource for implementing
the sustainable development and maintaining national security
– A key measure to tamp up a solid base for further progress in
S&T and the effective use of the public investment
– A target that is required by the institutional reformation
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Government activities in the
environment improving-2
• The platform is composed of:
– A network for expensive scientific instrument and
apparatus sharing
– A group of scientific data bases and a network for
data sharing
– A bank of scientific materials and resources,
including germ plasm and specimen
– The network of scientific information and literature
– The high-speed network infrastructure for S&T
activities
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The National Library for S&T-1
-a composing element of the platform
• A consortium of 7 libraries covering the field of
science, engineering, agriculture and medicine;
• A virtual library, operated by a small office under
the leadership of a director;
• Decision maker is a council composed of
representatives of the 7 members plus the
representatives from government and academic
communities;
• The government is funding the consortium
constantly with yearly growth of the budget.
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The National Library for S&T-2
-a composing element of the platform
• The main task:
– Building on-line resources with unified standard and provide
integrated services to users
– Sharing resources to make the public investment effective
– Developing alliance to include the local libraries, in particular to
those of the western China to improve the literature environment
via the usage of ICT
– Developing partnership with National Library so as to make
progress toward the establishment of digital library covering both
cultural, sociological and scientific literature
– Conducting research works on issues emerged in the information
era concerning the new style library
– Developing international collaboration with digital libraries in the
rest of the world
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Government activities in the
environment improving-3
• The SiChuan Rural-Information Network
– All departments relevant to the agriculture are responsible
to serve the farmers using the Internet, the next step will be
the integration of services to a unified platform;
– The Network for rural economy (Agriculture Department of
the Provincial Government),
– The Network for rural information (the Weather Bureau), the
West Agriculture On-Line (the ChengDu Municipal
Government),
– The Network for Agricultural Science and Technology
(Provincial Agricultural Academy),
– The Network of the SiChuan Agricultural University etc.
• All the networks are providing services to the farmers
free of charge.
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Government activities in the
environment improving-4
• The Western Agriculture On-Line
（www.xibunongye.com.cn ; or :www.cwaol.gov.cn）
• It is a network built by the ChengDu Municipal Government
with Information Centers built in all the 9 District and 12
Counties of the ChengDu city.
• The Network links to the “information point” in every village
for delivering the information interactively. There are
trained information responsible in every village who is
engaged in assisting farmers to use the facilities for
information delivering. The home-pages of Districts and
Counties are linked to professional web-sites like the Website for Vegitable, Web-site for Flowers etc.
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The Western Agriculture On-Line
• The WenJiang District of ChengDu has
implemented sales amounted to 45
million Chinese Yuan (about 550
thousands US$) in 2002 due to these
activities on the web and through the
Rural Information Service Centers. This
is roughly the 22.5% of the total sales in
2002 of the whole District.
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The Western Agriculture On-Line
• The Internet shortened the distance between
WenJiang District and users throughout the country,
and, at the same time, facilitated the gardening
products of WenJiang to enter the networked market
of dominant provinces, cities and districts. Recently
the products of this district are sold to over 80
districts and cities of SiChuan and also to most of
provinces and cities (e.g. Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet,
Chongqing, Shanxi, Gansu, Lanzhou, Xinjiang, Hebei,
Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangxi, Guangdong, Shenzhen,
etc) of the country.
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Modern Service Industry-1
-The important factor to accelerate development
• Development of the modern service
industry is an indicator of the economic
capacity and effectiveness in the
modern society
• In China it is very behind
• Under centralized planning economy
the stress was on production only, the
distribution was ignored;
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Modern Service Industry-2
-The important factor to accelerate development
• All services to the individuals and to
enterprises have been under
government’s control, monopolized; It
was “control” rather than “service”;
• Since the reform and open door, it has
been in a process of switch. There is
great space and opportunity to develop
the modern service industry in China.
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Modern Service Industry-3
-The important factor to accelerate development
• International collaboration is of key importance for
China, especially the training of qualified labor force
for the advanced modern service industry:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Law
Finance
Goods dissemination
Culture, tourism, multimedia service
E-Education
E-business
Communication and the Internet
Content service etc
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Thank you for attention
Wish you feel interesting to develop
collaboration with China on the
Modern Service Industry!!!
You’re welcome to China for
the 2004’ World Engineers’ Convention,
for the 2008’ Olympia,
and for
Many Others!!!
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The coming wave of
the Internet application
The 1st wave
（1960－1990）
The Internet
Linked computers
The 2d wave
The 3d wave
（1980－recent time） （1993－ ）
The Web
The Grid
Linked web pages
Linked resources
TELNET
FTP
including:
computing resource
BBS
storage resource
EMAIL
http://www…
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information resource
knowledge resource
grid://….
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