Transcript Understanding Modern China

Understanding China
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Professor WANG Guo-An (Andrew) 王国安
Part-time Chairman, Dept. of International Trade
Zhijiang College
Zhejiang University of Technology, www.zjut.edu.cn
E-mail: [email protected]
Mobile:86-136-0051-6079
http://econet.zjgsu.edu.cn/andrew.wang/index2.
htm
Basic facts about China
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History of over 5000 years
Nationalities: 56
Population: over 1.3 billion, one-child policy
Languages: Mandarin and its dialects, English
Religion: freedom of belief
Reform and opening-up since 1978
Basic facts about China
 Fastest growing economy, annual growth rate
about 9.5% since 1978
 GDP:US$6.56 trillion in 2010
 No. 2 largest trading nation
 Largest exporter and second largest importer
 No.2 economic power in 2010
 Largest foreign exchange reserves
Major cities and tourist attractions
 Beijing, center of politics and education
 Shanghai: center of international business, shipment and
finance, host of World Expo in 2010
 Guangzhou/Canton: southern gate to China, Chinese Import
and Export Fair twice a year
 Xi’an: ancient capital of China
 Hangzhou: beautiful gardens and West Lake
 Guilin: river and mountain
 Yellow Mountain
 Chang Jia Jie in Hunan….
History
 More than 5000 years.
 China’s ancient scientific contributions to the
world: four great inventions, namely,
compass, printing, gun powder and paper
making.
 Foreign aggressors have invaded China many
times, but never swallowed it.
Culture
 The Chinese culture is the dominating culture
in East Asia and Confucianism has had great
influence in East Asia and southeast Asian
countries. For example, the Chinese characters in
Japan and Koreas originated in China.
 Over 300 Confucius Institutes (www.hanban.edu.cn)
all over the world to promote the teaching of the
Chinese language and cultures and China study.
Education
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Preschool education: from 3 years
Elementary school:6 years: compulsory and free
Junior high school: 3 years, compulsory and free
Senior high school: 3 years
Bachelor program:4 years
Master program: 2-3 years
Ph. D. program:3-5 years
Public schools: most of them
Private schools: allowed in recent years
Education
 Medium of instruction: Mandarin/Chinese
 National and provincial scholarships available to
international students; for example,11000 national
scholarships in 2007
 5000 national scholarships to Chinese students or
scholars to study abroad every year during 20062010
Education
 Thousands of Chinese students studying all over the
world, most of them supported by their families;
39,921 Chinese students went to USA in 2009;
128,000 Chinese students studying in the USA in
2010, accounting for 18% of the foreign students
population in the USA
 International students studying in China:
240,000 in 2010; 500,000 in 2020
数据显示，从1978年到2010年底，我国各类出国留学人员
总数达190.54万人，共有63.22万留学人员学成后选择回
国发展。2010年回国13.48万人。
Reform and opening-up policies since 1978
 Change from the rule by man into the rule by law
 Change from the centralized planning economy into
the socialist market economy
 Special Economic Zones
 Foreign direct investment in China: the biggest
recipient of FDI among the developing countries for
the last 16 years.
 China’s FDI overseas amounted to US$$48 billion in
2009 and US$59 billion in 2010.
Objective picture of the present China
 Economic growth at the annual rate of about 9.5%,
three times as fast as the USA
 World’s second largest economy in terms of GDP.
Its GDP is expected to surpass USA in 2019; but its
GDP per capita is only US$3800 in 2010, only 12%
of Japan’s and 10% of USA’s, ranking after 100th in
the world.
 150 million Chinese live under the poverty line.
Objective picture of the present China
 No. 2 trading power and biggest exporter in the
world , its trade volume amounted to US$2.207
trillion in 2009. China maintains a large trade surplus
with USA, but 60% of its exports to the USA are
produced by US companies in China.
 Largest manufacturer in the world after USA was the
largest for 110 years, but most of the foreign
companies’ R &D and marketing centers are in
developed countries, such USA, EU and Japan.
Chinese workers are paid only a very low salary and
are exploited and its environment polluted and
natural resources exhausted.
Objective picture of the present China
 The economic miracle in China in the last 32 years,
but it is made by the world. China is only a small
shareholder in the economic miracle, most of the
profits have gone to the transnational companies
from developed countries. Foreign companies in
China have contributed a lot to China’s GDP.
Objective picture of the present China
 Largest consumer of natural resources, increasing at
the rate of 8.9% in the last 10 years.
 Second large financial revenue in the world, but
China’s medical expenditure accounts for only 1.2%
of its GDP. Most of the farming population have no
medical or social insurance.
Objective picture of the present China
 Olympic Games hosted in Beijing in 2008.
 Manned spaceship launched in 2003, 2005 and 2008.
 Foreign exchange reserves: 2.547 trillion US$ (Aug
2010),No. 1 in the world.
 World Expo hosted in Shanghai in 2010
 Fastest bullet train in the world 2010
 Biggest investor overseas among developing
countries US$25 billion during 2003-2009)
A peacefully rising power in Asia and in the
world
China’s problems
 The official corruption: About 4,000 corrupt officials
fled the country with at least US$50 billion between
1978 and 2003 according to a report by the Ministry
of Commerce showed. Many of these officials sent
their spouses and children abroad first before
transferring their money from China.
China’s problems
 The largest population
 The Increasing contrast between the rich and the
poor and the sharpening economic differences
between the east and the west
 The worsening environment
China’s core interests
 Taiwan issue
 Tibetan issue
 Xinjiang (East Turkistan)
 Territory integrity
China’s future
 One of the most attractive FDI destinations in the
world
 Change from MADE in China into INVENTED or
DESIGNED in China
 Change into the rule by law
 More prosperous, democratic, harmonious, just, fair
and clean
Any questions?
Thank you for your attention.
Full-time Professor Guo An (Andrew) Wang
Dept. of International Trade
Zhejiang Gongshang University, www.zjgsu.edu.cn
E-mail：[email protected]
Mobile:86-136-0051-6079
http://econet.zjgsu.edu.cn/andrew.wang/index2.ht
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