Transcript Slide 1
The End of the Ottoman Empire End of the Ottoman Empire The Turkish Republic was established in 1923. The Empire had been in a state of decline for several centuries. The inability to keep up with industrial and scientific developments, social and political unrest and wars had sapped its strength. The First World War signaled its end. The Ottoman’s were on the losing side of the war and the British were given most of it’s former empire. As the Empire crumbled, its Turkish nucleus rose up in a War of Liberation against the invading powers and the Sultan’s government. The Ottoman Capital -- Constantinople Creator of Modern Turkey Kemal Ataturk “Ataturk”means “Father of the Turks” Ataturk’s Reform Program Capital moved from Constantinople to Ankara. Secularism Qur’an in Turkish translation. Adoption of a republican constitution and a Swiss civil code. Westernization & nationalism: Compulsory, secular education. Banning the fez. Western [Roman] script. Western clothing. Women unveiled & given full citizenship and the right to vote. Modern Turkey Dress Banned Traditional _______. Women urged to _______. Vote Replaced the Arabian Alphabet with the _____________Alphabet Latin People and Culture Ethnic Turks make up _____ 80 percent of the population. _______ Kurds make up the rest of the population. Urban middle class Turks match the Middle Class Europe of_____________ Economy Turkey's economy is a complex mix of traditional craftsmanship and modern industries, The country's large agriculture sector, which ranked 7th in the world in terms of production output in 2005, Turkey has a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet the state still plays a major role in industry, banking, transport, and communications. What type of economy does Turkey have? MIXED __________ Currency GDP (PPP) GDP per capita GDP by sector Economy of Turkey New Turkish lira (YTL) $941.6 billion[1] (2008 est.) (15) $13,511[1] (2008 est.) agriculture: 8.9%, industry: 30.8%, services: 59.3%[3] (2007 est.) Population below poverty line 13%[3] (2007) Labour force by occupation agriculture: 35.9%, industry: 22.8%, services: 41.2%[3] (3rd qtr. 2004) Main industries textiles, food processing, autos, electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper Export goods textiles, foodstuffs, metal manufactures, transport equipment, electronics, home appliances Main export partners Germany 11.3%, United Kingdom 8%, Italy 7.9%, United States 6%, France 5.4%, Spain 4.4%[3] (2006) Government and Religion Muslim Most people in Turkey are ______ Secularwhich means The government is _______ religion is kept separate from government Type of Government Turkey has a parliamentary democracy ____________________________ form A means that the political power is held by an elected of government. What does that mean? parliament representing the people. The president and prime minister share Executive _____________ power. The Hebrews established a nation they called Israel on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea. About 1300BCE, many Hebrews moved to Egypt to escape a famine. At first, the Hebrews were treated well in Egypt, but in time they were enslaved by the Egyptians. The Jews, were conquered by several other cultures over the years but always rose up and regained Roman Empire control of their land. When the ____________ spread to Israel and the Jews were once again a conquered people. They tried to rise up and revolt against the Romans but the Romans countered by temple destroying their _________and killing or enslaving most of Jerusalem’s population. Many of the Jews fled, never to return to their homeland again Diaspora Most beginning a period known as the_________. Jews were forced to live as minorities in many different lands throughout the world. The Middle East in 1914 GOALS: The spiritual and political renewal of the Jewish people. Zionism Return of the Jewish people to their ancient homeland of present day Palestine. Freedom from Western anti-Semitism. Theodore Herzl 1860-1904 Palestine Was Part of the Ottoman Empire When the Ottoman Empire fell, Palestine became part of Britain Jews & Arabs in Palestine, 1920 In 1920, there was 1 Jew to every 10 Arabs in Palestine. By 1947, the ratio was 2 Arabs for every Jew. The Arabs felt that they were loosing control of their “country!” The “Arab Legion” of the British Army During WW2 Hitler’s “Final Solution” The Jewish population in each country in 1942. The Nazi Holocaust 6,000,00 Jews killed by the Nazis [1/2 in the concentration camps.] U. N. Partition Plan of 1947 Israel Becomes a Nation: May 14, 1948 Chaim Weizmann, 1st President David Ben-Gurion, 1st Prime Minister War Begins!: May 15, 1948 Six DayWar-1967 Israel captures territories that were under the control of the Palestinians. These areas Gaza include________________, The West Bank East Jerusalem _____________, and ________________. These territories are still under dispute by the Palestinians who view any Jewish settlement here as an invasion of their land. The Palestinian Liberation Organization Palestinian Authority In 2005 Israel transferred control of Gaza to the Palestinians Government and Religion 80% of people in Israel are ______ Jewish Since Judaism affects all aspects of daily life, it is hard to say that it has no effect in Israeli government The prime minister has executive power while the _____________ or parliament has the legislative power. Knesset Israel in the Future As Israel struggles with how to maintain its strength and freedom in one of the most hostile regions in the world, it must also come to grips with the fact that some type of peaceful solution must be worked out with the Palestinians and its Arab neighbors if it hopes to survive into the future.