Transcript MP3_4_Physical Science_Chemical Bonds Review

Ionic and Covalent Bonding review
and
Chemical Formulas and Reactions
Ice Pack example (and possibly demo)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qA_OdwI
t_tw video example for back up
Ionic vs Covalent Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXT4OV
M4vXI
• Use these analogies to let you understand
how they work better
Ionic vs Covalent review
• H2O:
• NaCl:
• NaCl in water:
Ionic vs Covalent review (NEW
DETAILS THOUGH)
• Some collections of DIFFERENT ELEMENT
ATOMS are permanently in covalent bonded
stages but all function as ONE ATOM WITH AN
OVERALL CHARGE OF +/- (more often -)
• Polyatomic Ions (mentioned a while ago) and
also in terms of diatomic elements (H2, C2, etc)
• Next slide for how to show them
Polyatomic Ions
• Some names are based on their oxygen content
• Anions:
• Cations:
• Anions and cations
are not only polyatomic ions
• Way show bonded in a compound as opposed to ions
(shown above): ex calcium-corbonate, carbonate is in ()
Compound Names and Formulas
• Way name regular anion and cation
combinations
• Transition Metal way they bond and special
ways they can bond
Prefixed to Name Atoms in
Compounds
• Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa,
nona, deca
• Use these to name compounds that are
covalent or two non-metals. Names before
were all for IONIC BONDS
• Other word for water:
Empirical Formulas
• Sugar’s Empirical Formula:
• Some compounds that have the same empirical
formulas are named, such as CH2O or
Formaldehyde, however others who do not
match the same formula are named differently
• C2H4O2 Empirical formula is:
But it is called Acetic Acid or Vinegar
From Empirical Formulas Different
Compounds Can Be Figured Out
• Notice how each of the empirical formulas can be
circled and drawn and show to show the full molecule of
what it represents (done by me below):
Organic Chemistry
• Study of how carbon containing substances
interact and are structurally set up
• So must start with an in close look at the
carbon atom shown below_next page/drawn:
Organic Chemistry
• Study of how carbon containing substances
interact and are structurally set up
• So must start with an in close look at the
carbon atom shown below:
The way carbon hooks up to other
chemicals get special names
• Alkane: a carbon that has a
single bond (or only one
pair of electrons share
between both atoms)
linking it to another atom
Does not have to be
carbon can also be to
hydrogen as well
• Octane or gas is oct=8
carbons single linked to
other carbons and
hydrogens:
• As You Can See There Are Prefixes to Chains of
Carbons just like the chains of non-metals in
covalent bonds get named but using different
prefixes
• Meth, Eth, Prop, But, Pent, Hex, Hept, Oct,
Non, Dec :
• If they are all links of carbons with just one
bond (alkanes) we would then finish each
prefix with ane… so methane, ethane,
propane, etc
Extra Branches Also Get Named
• Example 1 methyl-octane:
• The first attached branch has the carbon
prefix and ends with yl, for example methyl,
ethyl, propyl, etc…
• So 1 ethyl-octane:
• 3 butyl-octane:
Alkenes
• Naming rules and such are all
the same just instead of ending
ane it ends ene.
• This means the carbons contain
double bonds to each other
somewhere, usually a number
before hand indicates where the
double bond is (with a prefix it
gets even weirder)
• Ethylene gas, which makes fruit
ripen and also rot has a chemical
structure that looks like:
Alcohols
• This means there is a hydroxide group or
functional polyatomic ion OH• Where the OH appears is where you would
number the OH group
• This OH matters a lot on top of the type of
carbon chain, why??? Next slide
The Spot of the C and OH can blind
you !!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gSf9X5iN
R7s
Polymers vs Monomers
• Made through
bonds and link up
to make polymers
• Natural Polymers:
proteins, sugars,
etc.
• Man made:
Clothing polymers
Natural Polymer Examples
• Carbohydrates made out of
glucose which is sort of a
polymer itself
• Proteins out of amino acids
• DNA out of repeating units too
• Draw empirical formula of the
carbohydrate:
• What is the formula of the
monomer and how many of the
above is it:
Dehydration Reaction/Synthesis
• The way many enzymes
and your body chains the
monomers into polymers is
based off the same
principal as a dehydration
reaction:
• This is the removal of a
water molecule to chain
things together:
• A complex of a compound
that H2O binds to in many
areas (top left spots and
possible third at bottom)
If not done already do the diaper lab
• Same way fake snow is made for movie prop sets.
• Rules, no throwing the snow because it can give
you emphysema
• YOUR NOSE OR EYES WILL NOT COME IN CLOSE
CONTACT TO THIS STUFF OR I WILL CALL MR
BROCK IMMEDIATELY IT CAN KILL YOU!!!