Transcript File

2.10 Organic Chemistry
Alcohols .1
a. give examples of, and recognise, molecules that contain the
alcohol functional group.
b. demonstrate an understanding of the nomenclature and
corresponding structural, displayed and skeletal formulae of
alcohols, and classify them as primary, secondary or tertiary
Connector
a) Draw the displayed and skeletal formulae of ethanol,
propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol
b) Draw the displayed and skeletal formulae for the
FOUR isomers of butanol, and name them.
Crowe2009
butan-1-ol
butan-2-ol
2-methylpropan-1-ol
2-methylpropan-2-ol
Types of alcohols
There are three structural types of alcohols. Look at the structures
below and identify what feature characterises each type:
Primary alcohol
Secondary alcohol
Primary alcohol
Tertiary alcohol
Alcohols - CnH2n+1OH
• Alcohols may be primary, secondary or tertiary.
RCH2-OH
1o
R2CH-OH
2o
R3C-OH
3o
Primary alcohols have at least two H atoms attached to the
carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group.
Secondary alcohols have two alkyl groups attached to the
carbon atom joined to the hydroxyl group.
Tertiary alcohols have three alkyl groups attached to the carbon
atom joined to the hydroxyl group.
Ethanol
Ethanol is drinking alcohol, draw its structure, and
write a word and symbol equation for how it has been
made for centuries.
glucose
C6H12O6
C6H12O6
ethanol
C2H5OH
2C2H5OH
+
+
+
carbon dioxide
CO2
2CO2
Note: Alcohols are important industrial organic compounds.
They are used as solvents and as precursors in the synthesis
of other organic compounds.
Practical 2.12 Reactions of alcohols
Each group of students will need:
Eye protection
Bunsen burner and heatresistant mat
Full rack of test tubes and
boiling tubes
Test tube holder
Small evaporating basin
Dropping pipette
UI paper
Note: UI soln gives unexpected
colours with alcohols, but can be
used to show miscible or
immiscible.
Test alcohol on UI paper
Access to:
Butan-1-ol HARMFUL, FLAMMABLE,
Ethanol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE,
HARMFUL
Methanol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE,
TOXIC
Pentan-1-ol HARMFUL, FLAMMABLE,
HARMFUL
Propan-1-ol HIGHLY FLAMMABLE,
IRRITANT
Sodium, 2 mm cubes HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE, CORROSIVE
0.1 M sodium dichromate(VI) TOXIC
SOLUTION, SKIN SENSITISER
1.0 M sulfuric acid IRRITANT
Full-range Indicator HIGHLY
FLAMMABLE solution