Transcript Alcohol
Alcohol By: Darius Gaiter, Nasya Chaney, Taylor Robinson, and Beth Balog Basic Structure Secondary Primary Tertiary Characteristics When alcohol is placed at normal temperature it is often colorless and is either a solid or liquid substance. Alcohol consists of both a polar and nonpolar group of –OH. Classified with three different groups: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary as long as the “R” is attached to the structure Nomenclature of alcohol Methanol (wood alcohol): its named when you look at it as one carbon atom with –OH attached to it therefore its carbon methane, drop the e and add ol ending to indicate that its an alcohol. H | H-C-O-H | H Continued ethanol (grain alcohol): its name is from the name of ethane, you can look at the twocarbon-atom chain, the e at the end is replaced with –ol because of the alcohol functional group. H H | | H-C-C-OH | | H H Continued 2-propanol (isopropyl): 2- indicates a group attached to the second carbon and the “propan” part tells you that the carbon chain is three carbon atoms long. And the –ol at the end tell you that its in the alcohol functional group. H H H | | | H-C - C - C-H | | | H OH H Mechanisms Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol to make an ester Mechanisms Reduction of ketones to secondary alcohol Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to ketones leads to formation of secondary alcohols(after addition of acid) Mechanisms Reduction of aldehydes to primary alcohols Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to aldehydes leads to formation of primary alcohols(after addition of acid) Examples Some examples of alcohol are: Propyl Ethanol Butanol Ethylene Gycol Glycerin Real World Importance Methanol (Wood Alcohol) Used in motor fuel, is resistant to knocking and produces less carbon monoxide than gas. Used as starting material for many types of adhesives, fibers, and plastics. Highly toxic and can lead to blindness or death. Real World Importance Ethanol (Grain Alcohol) Used in the making of alcoholic beverages Can be used in cars and is frequently mixed with gas to make gasohol. Real World Importance Isopropyl alcohol (Rubbing alcohol) Used as a disinfectant Extremely flammable Multiple Choice Questions When Alcohol is placed at normal temperature what type of substance can it be? A. B. C. D. Liquid Solid Liquid and Solid None of the above What is Ethanol used in? A. B. C. D. Rubbing Alcohol Adhesives, fibers, and plastics Motor Fuel Alcoholic Beverages What is the name of Ethane Alcohol A. B. C. D. 2-Proponal Methane Methanol Ethanol Addition of lithium aluminum hydride to ketones leads to what? A. B. C. D. primary alcohols secondary alcohols Aldehydes ester Reaction of acid chloride with alcohol makes what? A. B. C. D. Aldehyde Ester Ketones lithium aluminum Works Cited www.organic-chemistry-tutor.com/alcohols www.chemistry-drills.com/functional-groups.php?q=simple www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topis/13366/alcohol www.chemcases.com/alcohol/alc-02.htm www.cliffnotes.com/study-guide/Alcohols.topicArticleID23297.articleID-23270.htm www.dow.com/productsafey/finder/nbut.htm http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch106-03/nomencla.htm www.Masterorganicchemistry.com http://www.idsketching.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/rubbingalcohol.jpg http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/B/e/methanol.jpg