Transcript Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry
Applied Chemistry
Milbank High School
Organic Chemistry
• Chemistry of compounds that contain
carbon
– Combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and
nitrogen
– Over 10 million compounds made with these
4 elements
• 95% of compounds contain carbon
Properties
• Very Flammable!
– Combustion reactions
• Don’t react with other compounds much
Types
• Hydrocarbons
• Alcohols, phenols, ethers
• Carboxylic acids, amines, ketones
Hydrocarbons
• Methane, ethane, propane
• Ethylene
• Acetylene
Alcohols
• Methanol
• Ethanol
• Isopropyl alcohol
Ethanol
– Wines
• 12% ethanol
– Champagnes
• 14-20% ethanol
– Beers
• 4% ethanol
– Whiskey
• 50% ethanol
Proof spirit: alcoholic content of a beverage, twice that of
the alcohol content by volume (whiskey: 100 proof)
Ethanol Con’t
• Toxic to humans
• Acute poisoning kills several hundred a
year (drinking contests)
• Long term poisoning
– Most serious drug problem in US
– 40 times more addicts than heroin
More alcohols
• Nitroglycerin
• Ethylene glycol
• Identification of alcohols:
– Contain an OH group
Alcohol in the Blood
• Ethanol is a depressant, not a stimulant
– Diminished judgment and less control of actions
• Does NOT keep you warm in cold weather
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Causes blood vessels to dilate
Accelerates the loss of heat loss
½ of all frostbite victims are legally drunk
Shortens life span by contributing to diseases of the
liver, cardiovascular system, and almost every other
organ in the body
Octane Rating
• Amount of octane (isooctane) present in
gasoline
• Remainder is heptane
• Catalytic reforming
– Change low octane fuels into high octane
fuels
• Additives
– Ethers, alcohols
Distillation
• Method of separating chemicals based
upon their boiling point
• Crude oil
• Water from salt water etc
• Alcohol
Titration
• Used to determine the concentration of a
known reactant
• Indicator
– Shows when the solutions are at equilibrium
• Utilizes precise measurements and
requires accurate lab skills