Transcript Ethanol By Hydrolysis

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Enrollment No.
140280105028
140280105029
Ethanol By Hydrolysis
Properties of Ethanol

Ethanol is a colourless liquid with a
pleasant smell.
 It is completely miscible with water and
organic solvents and is very hydroscopic.
 Ethanol is a monohydric primary alcohol.
 Ethanol forms of constant – boiling
mixture, or azeotrope , with water that
contains 95% Ethanol nd 5% water.

Ethanol burns in air with a blue flame,
forming carbon dioxide and water.
 Ethanol that is completely free of water is
called absolute ethanol.
 Absolute ethanol cannot be obtained by
simple distillation.
Raw materials
Ethylene
 Water


Catalyst :
 Phosphoric Acid
Procedure

The production of Ethanol by the direct
additive of water to ethylene is being carried
out successfully on a commercial scale.
 In the shell process a phosphoric acid used
as catalyst in the reaction.
 The reaction section is shown in fig. A
several parallel units. The feed ethylene
joining the large recycle stream.
Chemical Reaction
 After
entering the tap of the reactor the feed
passes downward through the catalyst bed
where a fraction of the mixture is converted
to ethyl alcohol.
 Since the reaction is exothermic the product
leaving the reactor is at a higher temperature
than the feed.
 After washing with dilute caustic soda to
neutralize traces of phosphoric acid if passes
into a second exchanger and on to a high
pressure separator to give a liquid and a
vapour stream.
 The
condensate goes to purification and the
vapour to recycle. The vapour is cooled by
the recycle gas cooler and scrubbed with
water to remove alcohol.
 The build up of impurities like methane and
ethane is controlled at this point by venting
a small stream of the recycle.
 The condensate and the alcohol water
solution of the various parallel units are
combined and separated in a low pressure
separator.
 A recycle
hydrogen stream is combined with
the alcohol before it enters the treater. In the
treater traces of aldehydes are hydrogenated
to over a supported nickel catalyst to the
corresponding alcohols.
 The product from this reactor is condensed
separated and sent to the light ends column
where light by products, primillary diethyl
ether are taken overhead.
 Product ethanol is removed as a side stream
from the final purification column.
Uses of Ethanol

Ethanol is used extensively as a solvent
in the manufacture of varnishes and
perfumes.
 Used as a preservative for biological
specimens.
 Use in beverage industries.
 Used in medicines.
 Cosmetic products.
 Used in production of acetic acid.
Sources of Pollution
 Spilling
of alcohol leads to fire hazards.
 Ethanol boom leads to increase smoke.
 Ethylene pollution influences the
activities of plant hormones and growth
activity.
Health And Safety
 Keep
away from flame.
 Ventilate valve and avoid breathing
vapours.
 Use appropriate extinguishing media for
surrounding fire.
 Wear approved chemical safety goggles.