Transcript Alcohols and Polymers

Functional Groups
A specific arrangement of atoms in an
organic compound that is capable of
characteristic chemical reactions.
In other words, a substituent group
other than an alkyl group.
Most organic chemistry is functionalgroup chemistry.
We will do one functional group.
Alcohols
The functional group hydroxyl (OH) is
responsible for the class of organic
compounds known as alcohols
C-C-C-OH
The OH group is not a hydroxide group
because it is covalently bonded. It is
not a polyatomic ion in this case
Naming alcohols
The ending changes to -ol.
Example - C-C-C-OH - 1-propanol
If more than one alcohol group the prefix is
placed in front of the ending.
Example - OH-C-C-OH - 1,2-ethandiol
The general name for alcohols with 2 or more
OH groups is glycol.
Example - 1,2-ethandiol is aka ethylene glycol
- aka - anti-freeze - know this.
2-methyl-1-butanol
1-butanol
2-propanol
d.
2-butanol
e.
2-methyl-2-propanol
Naming alcohols
Alcohols attached to benzene are
known as phenols. Just be able to
recognize a phenol
OH
more on alcohols
Alcohols are similar to water in that
they are polar.
Up to 4 carbons alcohols are very
soluble. After that the nonpolar part of
the molecule has a greater effect.
Rubbing alcohol - know the general
name and iupac name.
more on alcohols
The alcohol in alcoholic beverages is ethanol.
Know its iupac and common name and
structure.
Denatured alcohol - used in industry
ethanol that has had a poison added to it
methanol is usually the poison - C-OH
10 ml will blind you
30 ml will kill you
polymerization
Polymer - large molecule formed by the
covalent bonding of repeating smaller
molecules.
Monomer - the molecule that combines
to form repeating units
Unsaturated monomers react to form a
polymer
polymerization example
monomer
polymer
polyethylene -referigerator dishes, plastic milk bottles,
lab bottles,etc.
Other common polymers - polyester, nylon
PVC
Replace one H with a Cl and you have PVC
Polyvinyl Chloride
monomer
H
H
C=C
H
Cl
polymer
HHHH
C-C-C-C-C-C
Cl H Cl H
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