Transcript Organic Chemistry

Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg1
Chemistry in Context
Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg1
I.
What does organic chemistry study?
A.
Organic Chemicals – any chemical
containing carbon
B.
Bonding Characteristics of Carbon
1)
2)
3)
4)
C.
All life is organic,
animals, microorganisms, &
plants.
Covalently Bonds
Forms 4 Bonds
Readily Bonds with Itself
-- single, double, or triple
Forms Small or Long Chains
Distillation – separation of organics
using their boiling points (see handout)
1)
2)
3)
Have a mixture of 2 or more organics
Heat column to change liquids to
gases (boil).
Collect gases in a tube & cool down
to change gas to liquid (condense)
Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg2
Chemistry in Context
Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg2
II.
What are the types of organic compounds?
A.
Hydrocarbons – contain ONLY 2 elements
(hydrogen & carbon)
1)
Characteristics of Hydrocarbons
-- serve as fuels, combustion rxn:
CH4(g) + 2O2(g)  CO2(g) + 2H2O(g)
2)
Groups of Hydrocarbons:
a)
Alkanes – all C to C bonds
are single bonds (saturated)
-- see alkane series
-- Formula:
CnH2n+2
b)
Alkenes – at least one C
to C double bond
-- Formula:
c)
CnH2n
Alkynes – at least one C
to C triple bond
-- Formula:
CnH2n-2
Lecture: Organic Chemistry I, Pg3
Chemistry in Context
Lecture: Organic Chemistry I; January 25, 2007; Pg3
a)
3)
Nomenclature (naming & 2 formulae)
Condensed Formula:
b) Structural Formula:
C.
D.
E.
Ethanoic acid is
also called acetic
acid, found in
vinegar!
Alcohols – have a hydroxyl (OH) functional
group
EX/ methanol (grain), ethanol
(drinking), isopropanol (rubbing)
Organic Acids – have a carboxyl functional
group (COOH); weak acids
EX/ methanoic acid (stinging ants),
ethanoic acid (aka acetic acid)
Aromatics – have ring structures
EX/ benzene (ringed alkene)